Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev – academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (to the 300-th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and St. Petersburg State University)

Abstract

The article provides brief biographical information about the brilliant, world-famous scientist, academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Pafnutiy Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894). The correct emphasis is in the scientist’s surname discussed. The educational, scientific, pedagogical activities and social and administrative work of P.L. Chebyshev are noted. The achievements of P.L. Chebyshev are briefly in the field of mathematics, in more detail - in mechanics presented. Problems of synthesis of mechanisms created by P.L. Chebyshev
are Chebyshev problems called. A generalized Chebyshev problem, which belongs to a new
class of problems in control theory, is considered. The motion program is in the form of an additional system of high-order differential equations formulated. The solution to these problems is on the application of the generalized Gauss principle discussed, which proposed Professor N.N. Polyakhov and his students, S.A. Zegzda, M.P. Yushkov in 1983 at the Department
of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) State University. The influence of the ideas of P.L. Chebyshev is on the content of a two-volume textbook on theoretical and applied mechanics for classical universities discussed. The article reflects the content of the report dedicated to the 300-th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and St. Petersburg University and heard on February 15, 2024 at a meeting of the section of theoretical mechanics named after Professor N.N. Polyakhov St. Petersburg House of Scientists named after M. Gorky.