ANALYSIS OF STRESS-STRAIN AND LIMIT STATES IN EXTREMELY LOADED ZONES OF MACHINES AND CONSTRUCTIONS

The basis for the analysis of such characteristics as strength, lifeendurance and safety of machine elements and structures in  standard and emergency situations are the equations and criteria for linear and nonlinear mechanics of deformation and fracture. They are a part of the strength standards and are used both in the design  and in the manufacture and operation of equipment. The article  shows that the results of strength, resource and survivability studies  are the basic component to create the foundations of the  catastrophes and risks mechanics in the technogenic sphere, new  principles, technologies and technical complexes that ensure their safe operation and let in a theoretically grounded manner  prevent the appearance of emergency and catastrophic situations,  and minimize possible damage when they occur. At the same time, the instrument for ensuring safe working conditions is to diagnose  the current parameters of the material state and to determine the  characteristics of stress-strain states in the most stressed zones of  the analyzed technical system. The solution of the problem of  strength and resource evaluation in such conditions includes the  creation of generalized mathematical and physical models of  complex technological, working and emergency processes in  technical systems for analyzing the transition conditions from regular states to the conditions of occurrence and development of accidents and catastrophes. Such models are characterized by a multilevel  structure that affects global, local and object security aspects. The  developments are interdisciplinary in nature and underlie the safety and risks rationing.

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