<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2021-22-2-76-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об одном алгоритме проверки существования подквазигрупп</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An algorithm for checking the existence of subquasigroups</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галатенко</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galatenko</surname><given-names>Alexei Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agalat@msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратьев</surname><given-names>Антон Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratiev</surname><given-names>Anton Evgen’evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apankrat@intsys.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Староверов</surname><given-names>Владими Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Staroverov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Mikhailovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">staroverovvl@imscs.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галатенко А.В., Панкратьев А.Е., Староверов В.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галатенко А.В., Панкратьев А.Е., Староверов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galatenko A.V., Pankratiev A.E., Staroverov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/983">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/983</self-uri><abstract><p>Криптографические алгоритмы на основе квазигрупп активно изучаются в рамках перспективных исследований; кроме того, в последние годы регулярно появляются квази-групповые алгоритмы-кандидаты на конкурсах криптографических стандартов. С точки зрения обеспечения стойкости одним из желательных требований, предъявляемых к квазигруппам, является отсутствие подквазигрупп (в противном случае преобразованиеможет вырождаться). В работе предлагаются оптимизированные по временной сложности(за счет увеличения пространственной сложности) алгоритмы проверки наличия подквазигрупп и подквазигрупп порядка не меньше 2 в квазигруппах, заданных таблицей Кэли.Доказываются утверждения о сложности в худшем случае, а также приводятся оценки эффективности программной реализации на квазигруппах большого порядка. Результа-ты работы были анонсированы в рамках доклада на XVIII Международной конференции «Алгебра, теория чисел и дискретная геометрия: современные проблемы, приложения и проблемы истории».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Quasigroup-based cryptoalgorithms are being actively studied in the framework of theoretic projects; besides that, a number of quasigroup-based algorithms took part in NIST contestsfor selection of cryptographic standards. From the viewpoint of security it is highly desirable to use quasigroups without proper subquasigroups (otherwise transformations can degrade).We propose algorithms that take a quasigroup specified by the Cayley table as the input and decide whether there exist proper subquasigroups or subquasigroups of the order at least 2.Temporal complexity of the algorithms is optimized at the cost of increased spatial complexity.We prove bounds on time and memory and analyze the efficiency of software implementations applied to quasigroups of a large order. The results were reported at the XVIII InternationalConference «Algebra, Number Theory and Discrete Geometry: modern problems, applications and problems of history».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квазигруппа</kwd><kwd>подквазигруппа</kwd><kwd>таблица Кэли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quasigroup</kwd><kwd>subquasigroup</kwd><kwd>Cayley table</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке DRDO (Индия), проект “Quasigroup Based Cryptography: Security Analysis and Development of Crypto-Primitives and Algorithms (QGSEC)”, номер гранта SAG/4600/TCID/Prog/QGSEC”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markov V. T., Mikhalev A. V., Nechaev A. A. Nonassociative algebraic structures in cryptography and coding // Journal of Mathematical Sciences. 2020. Vol. 245, no. 2. P. 178–196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markov, V. T., Mikhalev, A. V. &amp; Nechaev, A. A. 2020, “Nonassociative algebraic structures in cryptography and coding“, J. Math. Sci., vol. 245, no. 2, pp. 178–196. doi: 10.1007/s10958-020-04685-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">doi: 10.1007/s10958-020-04685-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shannon, C. 1949, “Communication theory of secrecy systems“, Bell Syst. tech., vol. 28, no. 4,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shannon C. Communication theory of secrecy systems // Bell System Technical Journal. 1949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">pp. 656–715. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vol. 28, no. 4. P. 656–715. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305. 1949.tb00928.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glukhov, M. M. 2008, “Some applications of quasigroups in cryptography“, Prikl. Discr. Mat., no. 2, pp. 28–32 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глухов М. М. О применениях квазигрупп в криптографии // Прикладная дискретная математика. 2008. №2. С. 28–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbacov, V. A. 2009, “Quasigroups in cryptology“, CSJM, vol. 17, no. 2(50), pp. 193–228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shcherbacov V. A. Quasigroups in cryptology // Computer Science Journal of Moldova. 2009. Vol. 17, no. 2(50). P. 193–228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gligoroski, D., Ødegˇard, R. S., Mihova, M., Knapskog, S. J., Drapal, A., Kl´ıma, V., Amundsen, J. &amp; El-Hadedy, M. “Cryptographic hash function EDON-R’“, Proc. 1st Int. Wksh.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gligoroski D., Ødegˇard R. S., Mihova M., Knapskog S. J., Drapal A., Kl´ıma V., Amundsen J., El-Hadedy M. Cryptographic hash function EDON-R’ // Proceedings of the 1st International</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">on Security and Communication Networks. Trondheim, 2009, pp. 1–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Workshop on Security and Communication Networks. 2009. P. 1–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gligoroski, D. On the S-box in GAGE and InGAGE (2019), Available at http://gageingage.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gligoroski D. On the S-box in GAGE and InGAGE [электронный ресурс]. 2019. URL: http:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">org/upload/LWC2019NISTWorkshop.pdf (accessed 14 October 2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">//gageingage.org/upload/LWC2019NISTWorkshop.pdf (дата обращения: 14.10.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gligoroski, D., Ødeg˚ard, R., Jensen, R., Perret, L., Faug`ere, J.-C., Knapskog, S. &amp; Markovski, S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gligoroski D., Ødeg˚ard R., Jensen R., Perret L., Faug`ere J.-C., Knapskog S., Markovski S. MQQ–SIG: an ultra-fast and provably CMA resistant digital signature scheme // INTRUST’11:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“MQQ–SIG: an ultra-fast and provably CMA resistant digital signature scheme“, INTRUST’11: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf on Trusted Systems. Beijing, 2011. pp. 184–203. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proceedings of the Third international conference on Trusted Systems. 2011. P. 184–203. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32298-3_13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">-3_13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horv´ath G, Nehaniv Gh. L, Szab´o Cs. An assertion concerning functionally complete algebras and NP-completeness // Theoretical Computer Science. 2008. Vol. 407. P. 591–595. doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.08.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horv´ath, G, Nehaniv, Gh. L &amp; Szab´o, Cs. 2008, “An assertion concerning functionally complete algebras and NP-completeness“, Theor. Comput. Sci., vol. 407, pp. 591–595. doi:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larose B., Z´adori L. Taylor terms, constraint satisfaction and the complexity of polynomial equations over finite algebras // International Journal of Algebra and Computation. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1016/j.tcs.2008.08.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vol. 16. P. 563–581. doi: 10.1142/S0218196706003116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larose, B. &amp; Z´adori, L. 2006, “Taylor terms, constraint satisfaction and the complexity of polynomial equations over finite algebras“, Int. J. Algebra Comput., vol. 16, pp. 563–581. doi: 10.1142/S0218196706003116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron P.J. Almost all quasigroups have rank 2 // Discrete Mathematics. 1992. Vol. 106–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron, P.J. 1992, “Almost all quasigroups have rank 2“, Discrete Math., vol. 116-117, pp. 111– 115. doi: 10.1016/0012-365X(92)90537-P.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P. 111–115. doi: 10.1016/0012-365X(92)90537-P</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galatenko, A. V. &amp; Pankratiev, A.E. 2020, “The complexity of checking the polynomial completeness of finite quasigroups“, Discret. Math. Appl., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 169–175. doi:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galatenko A. V., Pankratiev A.E. The complexity of checking the polynomial completeness of finite quasigroups // Discrete Mathematics and Applications. 2020. Vol. 30, no. 3. P. 169–175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1515/dma-2020-0016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">doi: 10.1515/dma-2020-0016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galatenko, A. V., Pankratiev, A. E. &amp; Staroverov, V. M. 2020, “Efficient verification of polynomial completeness of quasigroups“, Lobachevskii J. Math., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1444–1453. doi: 10.1134/S1995080220080053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galatenko A. V., Pankratiev A.E., Staroverov V. M. Efficient verification of polynomial completeness of quasigroups // Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics. 2020. Vol. 41, no. 8,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson, M. T. &amp; Matthews, P. 1996, “Generating uniformly distributed random latin squares“, J. Comb. Des., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 405–437. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6610(1996)4:6&lt;405::AIDJCD3&gt;3.0.CO;2-J</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">accepted for publication.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galatenko, A. V., Nosov, V. A. &amp; Pankratiev, A.E. 2020, “Latin squares over quasigroups“, Lobachevskii J. Math., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 194–203. doi: 10.1134/S1995080220020079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson M. T., Matthews P. Generating uniformly distributed random latin squares // Journal of Combinatorial Designs. 1996. Vol. 4, no. 6. P. 405–437. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520- 6610(1996)4:6&lt;405::AID-JCD3&gt;3.0.CO;2-J</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobyanin, P.I. 2019, “An algorithm that decides if a quasigroup contains subquasigroups“, Intellektualnye sistemy. Teoria i prilojenia, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 79–84 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galatenko A. V., Nosov V. A., Pankratiev A.E. Latin squares over quasigroups // Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics. 2020. Vol. 41, no. 2. P. 194–203. doi: 10.1134/S1995080220020079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galatenko, A. V., Pankratiev, A. E. &amp; Staroverov, V. M. “An algorithm for checking the existence of nontrivial subquasigroups“, Materialy XVIII Mejdunarodnoi Konferentsii “Algebra, Teoria Chisel i Discretnaya Geometria: Sovremennye Problemy, Prilojenia i Problemy Istorii“ (Proc. 18th Int. Conf. “Algebra, number theory and discrete geometry: modern problems, applications and problems of history“). Tula, 2020, pp. 150–153 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Собянин П. И. Об алгоритме проверки наличия подквазигруппы в квазигруппе // Интеллектуальные системы. Теория и приложения. 2019. Т. 23, № 2. С. 79–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Собянин П. И. Об алгоритме проверки наличия подквазигруппы в квазигруппе // Интеллектуальные системы. Теория и приложения. 2019. Т. 23, № 2. С. 79–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галатенко А. В., Панкратьев А. Е., Староверов В. М. Об одном алгоритме проверки существования нетривиальных подквазигрупп // Материалы XVIII Международной конференции «Алгебра, теория чисел и дискретная геометрия: современные проблемы, приложения</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Галатенко А. В., Панкратьев А. Е., Староверов В. М. Об одном алгоритме проверки существования нетривиальных подквазигрупп // Материалы XVIII Международной конференции «Алгебра, теория чисел и дискретная геометрия: современные проблемы, приложения</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">и проблемы истории», Тула, 2020, С. 150–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">и проблемы истории», Тула, 2020, С. 150–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
