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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2019-20-3-134-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-675</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О роли двух термодинамических постулатов в феноменологическом построении механики сплошной среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the role of two thermodynamic postulates in the phenomenological construction of continuum mechanics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиевский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgievskii</surname><given-names>Dmitry Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор РАН, заведующий кафедрой теории упругости механико-математического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAN professor, Head of the theory of elasticity chair of  the mechanics-mathematical department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">georgiev@mech.math.msu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова (г. Москва)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow state University (Moscow)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиевский Д.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиевский Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgievskii D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/675">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/675</self-uri><abstract><p>Обсуждаются единая интегральная форма записи пяти постулатов механики сплошной среды, возможная непротиворечивая аксиоматика феноменологического построения четвёртого и пятого из них — законов об изменении внутренней энергии и энтропии, а также роль закона Фурье или его гиперболического обобщения в определении температуры. Показывается, что в отличие от статистического и молекулярного подходов в данном случае внутренняя энергия и энтропия индивидуального (жидкого) объёма могут быть полностью определены посредством задания своих источника, потока через границу и производства. Тем самым два термодинамических постулата выполняют роль определений. Обсуждаются энергетические сопряжённые пары величин различной физической природы и возможности расширения таблицы постулатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A general integral form of representation of five postulates in continuum mechanics, possible noncontradictory axiomatics of phenomenological construction of the fourth and fifth of them (namely, the laws of change of the internal energy and entropy) as well as the role of the Fourier law or its hyperbolic generalization in definition of temperature, are discussed. It is shown that in contrast to the statistical and molecular approaches, in this case, the internal energy and entropy of an individual (liquid) volume can be completely defined by specifying its source, flow through the surface, and production. Thus two thermodynamic postulates serve as definitions. The energy conjugate pairs of quantities of different physical nature and the possibility of expanding the table of postulates are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термодинамика</kwd><kwd>сплошная среда</kwd><kwd>постулат</kwd><kwd>источник величины в объё- ме</kwd><kwd>поток через поверхность</kwd><kwd>производство величины</kwd><kwd>внутренняя энергия</kwd><kwd>теплопередача</kwd><kwd>энтропия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>continuum</kwd><kwd>postulate</kwd><kwd>source of quantity in the volume</kwd><kwd>flow of quantity through the surface</kwd><kwd>production of quantity</kwd><kwd>internal energy</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd><kwd>entropy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (гранты 18-29-10085мк, 19-01-00016а)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by RFBR (grants 18-29-10085mk, 19-01-00016a)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corry L. 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