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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2014-15-4-55-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-60</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОЦЕНКИ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ТЕОРЕМОЙ ШИРШОВА О ВЫСОТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ESTIMATES IN SHIRSHOV HEIGHT THEOREM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харитонов М.И., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харитонов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharitonov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/60">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/60</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена получению оценок в теореме Ширшова о высоте. Слово W называется n-разбиваемым, если его можно представить в виде W = W0W1 · · · Wn где подслова W1, . . . , Wn идут в порядке лексикогра- фического убывания. Из не n-разбиваемых слов состоит базис алгебры с тождеством степени n. А. И. Ширшов показал, что множество слов, не яв- ляющихся n-разбиваемыми, над алфавитом из l букв имеет ограниченную высоту h над Y – множеством слов степени не выше n−1. Мы показываем, что h &lt; Φ(n, l), где Φ(n, l) = 296l · n 12 log3 n+36 log3 log3 n+91 . Пусть l, n и d &gt; n – некоторые натуральные числа. Тогда все слова над l-буквенном алфавитом длины больше, чем Ψ(n, d, l), либо содержат x d , либо являются n-разбиваемыми, где Ψ(n, d, l) = 227l(nd) 3 log3 (nd)+9 log3 log3 (nd)+36 . В 1993 году Е. И. Зельманов поставил следующий вопрос в Днестров- ской тетради: “Пусть F2,m – свободное 2-порожденное ассоциативное кольцо с тож- деством x m = 0. Верно ли, что класс нильпотентности кольца F2,m растет экспоненциально по m?” В работе показано, что в l-порожд¨енной ассоциативной алгебре с тождеством x d = 0 класс нильпотентности меньше, чем Ψ(d, d, l). Тем самым получаются субэкспоненциальные оценки на индекс нильпотентно- сти ниль-алгебр для произвольной характеристики. Изначальная оценка высоты у Ширшова носила рекурсивный характер, в 1982 году была получена двойная экспонента, в 1992 году – экспо- ненциальная оценка. Доказательство использует идею В. Н. Латышева, связанную с приме- нением теоремы Дилуорса к исследованию не n-разбиваемых слов. Нам представляется, что теорема о высоте имеет глубокую связь с задачами современной комбинаторики, в частности, Рамсеевского типа. С помощью такого рода соображений получаются верхние и нижние оценки количества периодов длины 2, 3,(n−1) в не n-разбиваемом слове, отличающиеся только постоянным множителем.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is devoted to subexponential estimations in Shirshov’s Height theorem. A word W is n-divisible, if it can be represented in the following form: W = W0W1 · · · Wn such that W1 ≺ W2 ≺ · · · ≺ Wn. If an affine algebra A satisfies polynomial identity of degree n then A is spanned by non n-divisible words of generators a1 ≺ · · · ≺ al . A. I. Shirshov proved that the set of non n-divisible words over alphabet of cardinality l has bounded height h over the set Y consisting of all the words of degree 6 n−1. We show, that h &lt; Φ(n, l), where Φ(n, l) = 296l · n 12 log3 n+36 log3 log3 n+91 . Let l, n и d &gt; n be positive integers. Then all the words over alphabet of cardinality l which length is greater than Ψ(n, d, l) are either n-divisible or contain d-th power of subword, where Ψ(n, d, l) = 227l(nd) 3 log3 (nd)+9 log3 log3 (nd)+36 . In 1993 E. I. Zelmanov asked the following question in Dniester Notebook: “Suppose that F2,m is a 2-generated associative ring with the identity x m = 0. Is it true, that the nilpotency degree of F2,m has exponential growth?” We give the definitive answer to E. I. Zelmanov by this result. We show that the nilpotency degree of l-generated associative algebra with the identity x d = 0 is smaller than Ψ(d, d, l). This imply subexponential estimations on the nilpotency index of nil-algebras of an arbitrary characteristics. Original Shirshov’s estimation was just recursive, in 1982 double exponent was obtained, an exponential estimation was obtained in 1992.</p><p>Our proof uses Latyshev idea of Dilworth theorem application. We think that Shirshov’s height theorem is deeply connected to problems of modern combinatorics. In particular this theorem is related to the Ramsey theory. We obtain lower and upper estimates of the number of periods of length 2, 3,(n−1) in some non n-divisible word. These estimates are differ only by a constant </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Теорема Ширшова о высоте</kwd><kwd>комбинаторика слов</kwd><kwd>n- разбиваемый</kwd><kwd>теорема Дилуорса</kwd><kwd>проблемы Бернсайдовского типа</kwd><kwd>теория Рамсея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Height theorem</kwd><kwd>combinatorics on words</kwd><kwd>n-divisibility</kwd><kwd>Dilworth theorem</kwd><kwd>Burnside type problems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при частичной финансовой поддержке фонда Дмитрия Зимина “Дина- стия” и фонда О.В. Дерипаски; исследование поддержано грантом РФФИ № 14-01-00548.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnside W. On an unsettled question in the theory of discontinuous groups // Quart. J. Math. 1902. Vol. 33. P. 230–238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnside, W. 1902, "On an unsettled question in the theory of discontinuous groups" , Quart. J. Math., vol. 33, pp. 230–238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курош А. Г. Проблемы теории колец, связанные с проблемой Бeрнсайда о периодических группах // Изв. АН СССР. Сер. Мат. 1941. Т. 5, вып. 3. 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