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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2018-19-2-172-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-470</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О приближении действительных чисел суммами квадратов простых чисел</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the approximation of real numbers by the sums of square of primes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науменко</surname><given-names>Антон Павлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumenko</surname><given-names>Anton Pavlovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры матанализа, руководитель направления отдела специальных исследований и разработок</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate Student of the matanalysis department, Head of Special Research and Development</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naumenko.anton90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; &#13;
ОАО "ИнфоТеКС".</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov;&#13;
InfoTeKS OJSC.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Том 19, № 2, 2018</issue-title><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Науменко А.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Науменко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/470">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/470</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье доказано, что к заданному действительному числу $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ можно подойти суммой квадратов трех простых чисел на расстояние не большее, чем $H=N^{217/768+\varepsilon}$ и можно подойти суммой четырех квадратов простых чисел на расстояние не большее, чем $H=N^{1519/9216+\varepsilon}$, где $\varepsilon$ -- произвольное положительное число.</p><p>Данные \quad результаты \quad получены \quad при \quad помощи \quad плотностной \quad техники, \quad разработанной Ю.В. Линником в 1940-х годах. Плотностная техника основана на применении явных формул, выражающих суммы по простым числам, через суммы по нетривиальным нулям дзета-функции Римана и использовании плотностных теорем -- оценок количества нетривиальных нулей дзета-функции, лежащих в критической полосе и таких, что их реальная часть больше некоторого $\sigma$, где $1&gt;\sigma\geq 1/2$.</p><p>Содержащиеся в статье результаты основаны на применении современных плотностных теорем, полученных А. Ивичем. Кроме того, при доказательстве была использована теорема Бейкера, Хармана, Пинтца: к заданному действительному числу $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ можно подойти простым числом на расстояние не большее, чем $H=N^{21/40+\varepsilon}$. Также использован результат полученный ранее автором: к заданному действительному числу $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ можно подойти суммой квадратов двух простых чисел на расстояние не большее, чем $H=N^{31/64+\varepsilon}$.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article it is proved that a given real number $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ can be approached by the sum of squares of three primes by a distance not exceeding $H = N^{217/768 + \varepsilon}$ and can be approached by the sum of four squares of primes by a distance no greater than $H = N^{1519/9216 + \varepsilon}$, where $\varepsilon$ is an arbitrary positive number.</p><p>These results were obtained using the density technique developed by Yu.V. Linnik in the 1940s. The density technique is based on applying explicit formulas expressing sums over prime numbers with sums over nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function and using density theorems that estimate the number of nontrivial zeros of the zeta function lying in the critical strip such that their real part is greater than some $\sigma$, $1&gt; \sigma \geq 1/2$.</p><p>The results obtained in this paper are based on the application of modern density theorems obtained by A. Ivich. In addition, the proof used the theorem of Baker, Harman, and Pintz: one can approach a given real number $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ by a prime number by a distance no more than $H = N^{21/40 + \varepsilon}$. Also, the following result obtained by the author is used: one can approach a given real number $N&gt;N_0(\varepsilon)$ by the sum of squares of two prime numbers by a distance no greater than $H = N^{31/64 + \varepsilon}$.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>простые числа</kwd><kwd>диофантовы неравенства</kwd><kwd>плотностная теорема.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primes</kwd><kwd>diophantine inequalities</kwd><kwd>density theorem.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huxley M.N. On the difference between consequtive primes// Invent. Math. 1972. Vol. 15, № 1. p. 164--170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banks, W. D., Conflitti, A. &amp; Shparlinski, I. E. 2002, ``Character sums over integers with restricted $g$-ary digits``, \textit{Illinois J. 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