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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2017-18-3-187-200</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАРАЛЛЕЛИЗМ В СЛОЖНЫХ ПРОГРАММНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ (ПОЧЕМУ СЛОЖНО СОЗДАВАТЬ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ПАКЕТЫ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PARALLELISM IN LARGE SOFTWARE PACKAGES (WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO CREATE EFFICIENT SOFTWARE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воеводин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevodin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, заместитель директора НИВЦ </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor,  corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director, Research Computing Center</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voevodin@parallel.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воеводин В.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воеводин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voevodin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/354">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/354</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассмотрены виды параллелизма, применяемые в архитектурах современных  компьютерных систем, и описаны способы их проявления в программах. Проанализированы  шесть парадигм параллельного программирования, и показана связь парадигм с поколениями высокопроизводительных вычислительных систем. Рассмотрены методы описания  и представления параллелизма с помощью разного рода моделей программ. Обсуждаются  причины, определяющие сложности разработки эффективного программного обеспечения для  параллельных вычислительных систем. Отмечается связь обсуждаемого материала с активно  развиваемой Интернет-энциклопедией свойств и особенностей параллельных алгоритмов AlgoWiki.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, types of parallelism used in architectures of modern computer systems are considered, and the ways of their  manifestation in programs are described. Six paradigms of parallel  programming are analyzed, and the relationship of paradigms to  generations of highperformance computing systems is shown.  Different methods of description and representation of parallelism  based on various kinds of program models are considered. The  reasons that determine challenges of developing efficient software  packages for parallel computing systems are discussed. The connection between the  material under discussion and the actively developed Internet  encyclopedia of properties and features of AlgoWiki parallel algorithms is noted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Параллельные вычисления</kwd><kwd>архитектура компьютерных систем</kwd><kwd>технологии параллельного программирования</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительные вычисления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parallel computing</kwd><kwd>computer architecture</kwd><kwd>parallel computing technologies</kwd><kwd>high performance computing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Antonov, V. Voevodin, and J. 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