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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2015-16-3-276-284</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СВОБОДНЫЕ КОММУТАТИВНЫЕ g-ДИМОНОИДЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FREE COMMUTATIVE g-DIMONOIDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучок</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchok</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра алгебры и системного анализа</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Algebra and System Analysis</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhuchok_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучок</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchok</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра алгебры и системного анализа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Algebra and System Analysis</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulia.mih@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Луганский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко, Украина.</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>276</fpage><lpage>284</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жучок А.В., Жучок Ю.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жучок А.В., Жучок Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuchok A.V., Zhuchok Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/213">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/213</self-uri><abstract><p>Диалгеброй называется векторное пространство, снабжённое двумя би- нарными операциями ⊣ и ⊢, удовлетворяющими следующим аксиомам: (D1) (x ⊣ y) ⊣ z = x ⊣ (y ⊣ z), (D2) (x ⊣ y) ⊣ z = x ⊣ (y ⊢ z), (D3) (x ⊢ y) ⊣ z = x ⊢ (y ⊣ z), (D4) (x ⊣ y) ⊢ z = x ⊢ (y ⊢ z), (D5) (x ⊢ y) ⊢ z = x ⊢ (y ⊢ z). Это понятие было введено Лодэ во время изучения феномена периодичности в алгебраической K-теории. Алгебры Лейбница являются некоммутативной версией алгебр Ли, а диалгебры – версией ассоциативных ал- гебр. Напомним, что любая ассоциативная алгебра даёт алгебру Ли, если положить [x, y] = xy −yx. Диалгебры связаны с алгебрами Лейбница аналогично тому как связаны между собой ассоциативные алгебры и алгебры Ли. Диалгебра является линейным аналогом димоноида. Если операции димоноида совпадают, то он превращается в полугруппу. Таким образом, димоноиды обобщают полугруппы. Пожидаев и Колесников рассмотрели понятие 0-диалгебры, то есть векторного пространства, снабжённого двумя бинарными операциями ⊣ и ⊢, удовлетворяющими аксиомам (D2) и (D4). Это понятие имеет связи с алгебрами Рота-Бакстера, а именно известна структура алгебр Рота- Бакстера, возникающих на 0-диалгебрах. Понятие ассоциативной 0-диалгебры, то есть 0-диалгебры с двумя бинарными операциями ⊣ и ⊢, удовлетворяющими аксиомам (D1) и (D5), является линейным аналогом понятия g-димоноида. Для того, чтобы получить g-димоноид, мы должны опустить аксиому (D3) внутренней ассоциативности в определении димоноида. Аксиомы димоноида и g-димоноида появляются в тождествах триалгебр и триоидов, введенных Лодэ и Ронко. Класс всех g-димоноидов образует многообразие. Строение свободных g-димоноидов и свободных n-нильпотентных g-димоноидов было описано в статье второго автора. Класс всех коммутативных g-димоноидов, то есть g-димоноидов с коммутативными операциями, образует подмногообразие многообразия g-димоноидов. Свободный димоноид в многообразии коммутативных димоноидов был построен в статье первого автора. В этой статье мы строим свободный коммутативный g-димоноид, а также описываем наименьшую коммутативную конгруэнцию на свободном g-димоноиде.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A dialgebra is a vector space equipped with two binary operations ⊣ and ⊢ satisfying the following axioms: (D1) (x ⊣ y) ⊣ z = x ⊣ (y ⊣ z), (D2) (x ⊣ y) ⊣ z = x ⊣ (y ⊢ z), (D3) (x ⊢ y) ⊣ z = x ⊢ (y ⊣ z), (D4) (x ⊣ y) ⊢ z = x ⊢ (y ⊢ z), (D5) (x ⊢ y) ⊢ z = x ⊢ (y ⊢ z). This notion was introduced by Loday while studying periodicity phenomena in algebraic K-theory. Leibniz algebras are a non-commutative variation of Lie algebras and dialgebras are a variation of associative algebras. Recall that any associative algebra gives rise to a Lie algebra by [x, y] = xy−yx. Dialgebras are related to Leibniz algebras in a way similar to the relationship between associative algebras and Lie algebras. A dialgebra is just a linear analog of a dimonoid. If operations of a dimonoid coincide, the dimonoid becomes a semigroup. So, dimonoids are a generalization of semigroups. Pozhidaev and Kolesnikov considered the notion of a 0-dialgebra, that is, a vector space equipped with two binary operations ⊣ and ⊢ satisfying the axioms (D2) and (D4). This notion have relationships with Rota-Baxter algebras, namely, the structure of Rota-Baxter algebras appearing on 0-dialgebras is known. The notion of an associative 0-dialgebra, that is, a 0-dialgebra with two binary operations ⊣ and ⊢ satisfying the axioms (D1) and (D5), is a linear analog of the notion of a g-dimonoid. In order to obtain a g-dimonoid, we should omit the axiom (D3) of inner associativity in the definition of a dimonoid. Axioms of a dimonoid and of a g-dimonoid appear in defining identities of trialgebras and of trioids introduced by Loday and Ronco. The class of all g-dimonoids forms a variety. In the paper of the second author the structure of free g-dimonoids and free n-nilpotent g-dimonoids was given. The class of all commutative g-dimonoids, that is, g-dimonoids with commutative operations, forms a subvariety of the variety of g-dimonoids. The free dimonoid in the variety of commutative dimonoids was constructed in the paper of the first author. In this paper we construct a free commutative g-dimonoid and describe the least commutative congruence on a free g-dimonoid.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>димоноид</kwd><kwd>g-димоноид</kwd><kwd>коммутативный g-димоноид</kwd><kwd>свободный коммутативный g-димоноид</kwd><kwd>полугруппа</kwd><kwd>конгруэнция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dimonoid</kwd><kwd>g-dimonoid</kwd><kwd>commutative g-dimonoid</kwd><kwd>free commutative g-dimonoid</kwd><kwd>semigroup</kwd><kwd>congruence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pozhidaev A. P. 0-dialgebras with bar-unity and nonassociative Rota-Baxter algebras // Sib. Math. J. 2009. Vol. 50, no. 6. P. 1070–1080.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pozhidaev, A. P. 2009, “0-dialgebras with bar-unity and nonassociative RotaBaxter algebras”, Sib. Math. 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