<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2025-26-4-344-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-2090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комбинаторно-аналитический метод решения волнового уравнения с переключениями скорости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combinatorial-analytical method for wave equation with abrupt parameter changes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нижников</surname><given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizhnikov</surname><given-names>Alexander Ivanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nizhnikov.ai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремко</surname><given-names>Олег Эммануилович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremko</surname><given-names>Oleg Emmanuilovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yaremki8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремко</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremko</surname><given-names>Natalya Nikolaevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yaremki@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муханов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhanov</surname><given-names>Sergey Alexandrovigh</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">myxahob@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет «Станкин»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Technical University “Stankin”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Technological University “MISiS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский технологический университет «МИРЭА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Technological University “MIREA”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>356</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нижников А.И., Яремко О.Э., Яремко Н.Н., Муханов С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нижников А.И., Яремко О.Э., Яремко Н.Н., Муханов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nizhnikov A.I., Yaremko O.E., Yaremko N.N., Mukhanov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/2090">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/2090</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе получено полное аналитическое решение задачи о свободных колебаниях струны с произвольным числом скачкообразных изменений скорости распространения волн.Предложен новый комбинаторно-аналитический метод, позволяющий представить решение в виде компактной явной формулы. Доказано, что решение представляет собой суперпозицию 2𝑁−1 волн, каждая из которых соответствует одному из возможных путей распространения возмущения через моменты переключения скорости.Установлено, что коэффициенты в полученной формуле имеют ясный физический смысл и представляют собой произведения коэффициентов прохождения и отражения награницах раздела сред. Метод обобщен на случай конечной струны с нулевыми граничными условиями Дирихле.Решение построено в замкнутой форме и подтверждено двумя независимыми методами: методом Фурье и методом математической индукции. Полученные результаты позволяют анализировать сложные волновые процессы в средах с кусочно-постоянными параметрами и могут быть использованы в задачах акустики, сейсмологии и теории управления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a complete analytical solution to the problem of free vibrations of a string with an arbitrary number of abrupt changes in the wave propagation velocity. A novel combinatorial-analytical method is proposed that allows representing the solution in the form of a compact explicit formula. It is proved that the solution represents a superposition of 2𝑁−1 waves, each corresponding to one of the possible paths of disturbance propagation through the velocity switching moments. It is established that the coefficients in the obtained formula have a clear physical meaning and represent products of transmission and reflection coefficients at the interfaces. The method is generalized to the case of a finite string with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. The solution is constructed in closed form and confirmed by two independent methods:the Fourier method and the method of mathematical induction. The obtained results allow analyzing complex wave processes in media with piecewise constant parameters and can beused in problems of acoustics, seismology, and control theory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волновое уравнение</kwd><kwd>скачкообразное изменение скорости</kwd><kwd>аналитическое решение</kwd><kwd>метод Фурье</kwd><kwd>рекуррентные соотношения</kwd><kwd>коэффициенты отражения и прохождения</kwd><kwd>конечная струна</kwd><kwd>условия Дирихле.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wave equation</kwd><kwd>abrupt velocity change</kwd><kwd>analytical solution</kwd><kwd>Fourier method</kwd><kwd>recurrence relations</kwd><kwd>reflection and transmission coefficients</kwd><kwd>finite string</kwd><kwd>Dirichlet conditions.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке второго и третьего авторов Министерством науки и образования РФ (проект № FSFS-2024-0007).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонов А. Н., Самарский А. А. Уравнения математической физики. — М.: Наука, 1977. — 735 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonov, A.N., and Samarskii, A.A., 1977, Equations of Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 735 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов М. М. Задачи по уравнениям математической физики. — М.: Наука, 1975. — 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov, M.M., 1975, Problems in Equations of Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бицадзе А. В. Уравнения математической физики. — М.: Наука, 1982. — 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bitsadze, A.V., 1982, Equations of Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 336 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимиров В. С. Уравнения математической физики. — М.: Наука, 1981. — 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirov, V.S., 1981, Equations of Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 512 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андронов А. А., Витт А. А., Хайкин С. Э. Теория колебаний. — М.: Наука, 1981. — 568 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andronov, A.A., Vitt, A.A., and Khaikin, S.E., 1981, Theory of Oscillations, Moscow: Nauka, 568 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабенко К. И. Основы численного анализа. — М.: Наука, 1986. — 744 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babenko, K.I., 1986, Fundamentals of Numerical Analysis, Moscow: Nauka, 744 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колмогоров А. Н., Фомин С. В. Элементы теории функций и функционального анализа. — М.: Наука, 1989. — 572 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolmogorov, A.N., and Fomin, S.V., 1989, Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis, Moscow: Nauka, 572 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соболев С. Л. Уравнения математической физики. — М.: Наука, 1966. — 444 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobolev, S.L., 1966, Equations of Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 444 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорюк М. В. Обыкновенные дифференциальные уравнения. — М.: Наука, 1985. — 448 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedyuk, M.V., 1985, Ordinary Differential Equations, Moscow: Nauka, 448 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ландау Л. Д., Лифшиц Е. М. Теоретическая физика. Т. 6: Гидродинамика. — М.: Наука, 1988. — 736 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landau, L.D., and Lifshitz, E.M., 1987, Course of Theoretical Physics. Vol. VII: Theory of Elasticity, Moscow: Nauka, 248 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахиезер Н. И. Лекции по теории аппроксимации. — М.: Наука, 1965. — 407 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhiyezer, N.I., 1965, Lectures on Approximation Theory, Moscow: Nauka, 407 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самарский А. А., Николаев Е. С. Методы решения сеточных уравнений. — М.: Наука, 1978. — 592 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samarskii, A.A., and Nikolaev, E.S., 1978, Methods for Solving Grid Equations, Moscow: Nauka, 592 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Годунов С. К., Рябенький В. С. Разностные схемы. — М.: Наука, 1977. — 439 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godunov, S.K., and Ryaben’kii, V.S., 1977, Difference Schemes, Moscow: Nauka, 439 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михлин С. Г. Вариационные методы в математической физике. — М.: Наука, 1970. — 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhlin, S.G., 1970, Variational Methods in Mathematical Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 512 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильинский А. С., Кравцов Ю. А. Методы математической физики в задачах дифракции. — М.: Издательство МГУ, 2005. — 312 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilinskii, A.S., and Kravtsov, Yu.A., 2005, Methods of Mathematical Physics in Diffraction Problems, Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 312 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitham G. B. Linear and Nonlinear Waves. — New York: Wiley, 1974. — 636 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitham, G.B., 1974, Linear and Nonlinear Waves, New York: Wiley, 636 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graff K. F. Wave Motion in Elastic Solids. — New York: Dover Publications, 1991. — 649 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graff, K.F., 1991, Wave Motion in Elastic Solids, New York: Dover Publications, 649 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morse P. M., Ingard K. U. Theoretical Acoustics. — Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. — 927 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morse, P.M., and Ingard, K.U., 1986, Theoretical Acoustics, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 927 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Courant R., Hilbert D. Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol. 2. — New York: Wiley, 1989. — 830 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Courant, R., and Hilbert, D., 1989, Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol. 2, New York: Wiley, 830 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нижников А. И., Яремко О. Э., Яремко Н. Н. Матричные интегральные преобразования для моделирования волновых процессов в кусочно-однородных средах // Чебышевский сборник. — 2023. — Т. 24, № 4. — С. 239–251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizhnikov, A.I., Yaremko, O.E., and Yaremko, N.N., 2023, “Matrix integral transforms for modeling wave processes in piecewise homogeneous media”, Chebyshevskii Sbornik, 24(4), pp. 239–251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
