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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2025-26-4-329-343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-2089</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О приближении действительных чисел суммами двух степеней простых чисел</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the approximation of real numbers by the sums of two powers of primes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науменко</surname><given-names>Антон Павлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumenko</surname><given-names>Anton Pavlovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naumenko.anton90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова; ОАО «ИнфоТеКС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; JSC “Infotex”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>329</fpage><lpage>343</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Науменко А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Науменко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/2089">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/2089</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье для любого фиксированного 𝑐 ≥ 1 получена нижняя оценка 𝜅(𝑐), при выполнении которой к заданному действительному числу 𝑁 &gt; 𝑁0(𝜀) можно подойти суммойдвух степеней простых чисел 𝑝𝑐1 + 𝑝𝑐 2 на расстояние не большее, чем 𝐻 = 𝑁𝜅(𝑐)+𝜀, где 𝜀 – произвольное положительное число.Данный результат получен при помощи плотностной техники, разработанной Ю. В. Линником в 1940-х годах. Плотностная техника основана на применении явных формул, выражающих суммы по простым числам через суммы по нетривиальным нулям дзета-функции Римана и использовании плотностных теорем – оценок количества нетривиальных нулей дзета-функции, лежащих в критической полосе и таких, что их реальная часть больше некоторого 𝜎, где 1 &gt; 𝜎 ≥ 1/2.Содержащиеся в статье результаты основаны на применении современных плотностных теорем, полученных А. Ивичем. Кроме того, при доказательстве была использована тео-рема Бейкера, Хармана, Пинтца: к заданному действительному числу 𝑁 &gt; 𝑁0(𝜀) можно подойти простым числом на расстояние не большее, чем 𝐻 = 𝑁21/40+𝜀. Также использован результат М. Хаксли об оценке значений дзета-функции Римана на критической прямой: |𝜁(1/2 + 𝑖𝑡)| ≪ 𝑡32/205+𝜀.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article we have for any fixed 𝑐 estimate of 𝜅(𝑐) such that 𝑁 &gt; 𝑁0(𝜀) can be approached by the sum of powers of two primes 𝑝𝑐 1 + 𝑝𝑐 2 by a distance not exceeding 𝐻 = 𝑁𝜅(𝑐)+𝜀, where 𝜀is an arbitrary positive number. These results were obtained using the density technique developed by Yu.V. Linnik in the 1940s. The density technique is based on applying explicit formulas expressing sums over prime numbers with sums over nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function and using densitytheorems that estimate the number of nontrivial zeros of the zeta function lying in the critical strip such that their real part is greater than some 𝜎, 1 &gt; 𝜎 ≥ 1/2.The results obtained in this paper are based on the application of modern density theorems obtained by A. Ivich. In addition, the proof used the theorem of Baker, Harman, and Pintz: one can approach a given real number 𝑁 &gt; 𝑁0(𝜀) by a prime number by a distance no more than 𝐻 = 𝑁21/40+𝜀. Also, the following result obtained by M. Huxley: |𝜁(1/2 + 𝑖𝑡)| ≪ 𝑡32/205+𝜀.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>простые числа</kwd><kwd>диофантовы неравенства</kwd><kwd>плотностная теорема.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primes</kwd><kwd>diophantine inequalities</kwd><kwd>density theorem.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huxley M. N. On the difference between consecutive primes // Inventiones Mathematicae. — 1972. — Vol. 15, No. 1. — P. 164–170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huxley, M. 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