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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2025-26-2-232-253</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тензор инерции твердого тела на плоскости Лобачевского и в псевдо-евклидовом пространстве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inertia tensor of a rigid body on the Lobachevsky plane and in pseudo-Euclidean space</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуберт</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubert</surname><given-names>Anastasiia Yurievna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiia.shubert@math.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>253</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шуберт А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шуберт А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shubert A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1971">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1971</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследуется тензор инерции твердого тела в трехмерном (псевдо-)евклидовом пространстве (𝑉, 𝑔). Конфигурационное многообразие 𝑄 системы — шестимерная группа Ли E(𝑉, 𝑔) ∼= 𝑉 ⋋Aut(𝑉, 𝑔) движений этого пространства, а кинетическая энергия является квадратичной формой 𝑇(𝑤, 𝑎) на алгебре Ли e(𝑉, 𝑔) ∼= 𝑉 + g, где g = aut(𝑉, 𝑔). Это позволяет определить симметрический оператор 𝐽 : g → g* со свойством 𝑇(0, 𝑎) = 1/2 (𝐽𝑎, 𝑎), называемый (ковариантным) тензором инерции твердого тела. Для его вычисления введено «псевдо-евклидово векторное произведение» [, ]𝑔 в (псевдо-)евклидовом пространстве (𝑉, 𝑔) и с помощью этой операции построен изоморфизм 𝜇 : 𝑉 → g. Доказано, что при этом изоморфизме построенная операция [, ]𝑔 преобразуется в скобку Ли на алгебре Ли g, а скалярное произведение — в форму Киллинга – Картана с точностью до скалярного множителя. Получены явные формулы для операции [, ]𝑔.С помощью построенной операции [, ]𝑔 определен оператор ̃︀ 𝜔= 𝜇𝜔 ∈ g мгновенного вращения с угловой скоростью 𝜔 ∈ 𝑉 , и для любой точки 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉 определены ее вектор мгновенной скорости 𝑣 = ̃︀ 𝜔𝑞 = [𝜔, 𝑞]𝑔 ∈ 𝑉 , вектор кинетического момента 𝑀(𝑞) = [𝑞,𝑚𝑣]𝑔 ∈ 𝑉 и оператор инерции ̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞) : 𝑉 → 𝑉 , 𝜔 ↦→ 𝑀(𝑞). Доказаны симметричность оператора инерции ̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞) и формула 𝑇(𝑞) = 1/2 𝑔( ̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞)𝜔,𝜔) для кинетической энергии точки.Изучены геометрические свойства оператора инерции ̂︀ 𝐽 для одноточечных и многоточечных тел. В частности, в псевдо-евклидовом случае ограничение соответствующей квадратичной формы на внутренность светового конуса неотрицательно. Построены примеры 2- и 3-точечных тел, показывающие, что других ограничений на сигнатуру оператора инерции нет. Найдены все возможные сигнатуры для оператора инерции ̂︀ 𝐽 твердого тела в трехмерном псевдо-евклидовом пространстве. Доказано, что для тел, расположенных внутри светового конуса (например, для «тарелок» на плоскости Лобачевского), операторинерции имеет сигнатуру (−,+, +) или (0,+, +). Для тел, расположенных снаружи светового конуса, возможны сигнатуры (−, 𝑠,−) для всех 𝑠 ∈ {0,+, −}. Остальные сигнатуры (−,+, 0) и (−, 0, 0) также реализуются 2- и 3-точечными телами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper studies the inertia tensor of a rigid body in three-dimensional (pseudo-)Euclidean space (𝑉, 𝑔). The configuration manifold 𝑄 of the system is the six-dimensional Lie group E(𝑉, 𝑔) ∼= 𝑉 ⋋ Aut(𝑉, 𝑔) of isometries of this space, and the kinetic energy is a quadratic form 𝑇(𝑤, 𝑎) on the Lie algebra e(𝑉, 𝑔) ∼= 𝑉 + g where g = aut(𝑉, 𝑔). This allows one to define a symmetric operator 𝐽 : g → g* with the property 𝑇(0, 𝑎) = 1/2 (𝐽𝑎, 𝑎), referred to as the (covariant) inertia tensor of the rigid body. To compute this tensor, a “pseudo-Euclidean vector cross product” [, ]𝑔 is introduced in the (pseudo-)Euclidean space (𝑉, 𝑔), and an isomorphism 𝜇 : 𝑉 → g is constructed using this operation. It is proved that this isomorphism transforms the operation [, ]𝑔 into the Lie bracket on the Lie algebra g, and the scalar product into the Cartan–Killing form, up to a scalar factor. Explicit formulas for the operation [, ]𝑔 are obtained.Using the operation [, ]𝑔, the operator ̃︀ 𝜔 = 𝜇𝜔 ∈ g of instantaneous rotation with angular velocity 𝜔 ∈ 𝑉 is defined. For any point 𝑞 ∈ 𝑉 , the vector 𝑣 = ̃︀ 𝜔𝑞 = [𝜔, 𝑞]𝑔 ∈ 𝑉 of instantaneous velocity, the vector 𝑀(𝑞) = [𝑞,𝑚𝑣]𝑔 ∈ 𝑉 of angular momentum and the inertia operator̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞) : 𝑉 → 𝑉 , 𝜔 ↦→𝑀(𝑞), are defined. The symmetricity of the inertia operator ̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞) is proved, along with the formula 𝑇(𝑞) = 1/2 𝑔( ̂︀ 𝐽(𝑞)𝜔,𝜔) for the kinetic energy of the point.Geometric properties of the inertia operator ̂︀ 𝐽 are studied for single- and multi-point bodies.In particular, in the pseudo-Euclidean case, the restriction of the corresponding quadratic form to the interior of the light cone is shown to be non-negative. Examples of two- and three-pointbodies are constructed showing that there are no additional restrictions on the signature of the inertia operator. All possible signatures of the inertia operator ̂︀ 𝐽 for a rigid body in threedimensional pseudo-Euclidean space are found. It is proved that, for bodies located within the light cone (e.g., “plates” in the Lobachevsky plane), the inertia operator has a signatureof (−,+, +) or (0,+, +). For bodies located outside the light cone, signatures of (−, 𝑠,−) are possible for all 𝑠 ∈ {0,+, −}. The remaining signatures (−,+, 0) and (−, 0, 0) are also realized by two- and three-point bodies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тензор инерции</kwd><kwd>твердое тело</kwd><kwd>псевдо-евклидово пространство</kwd><kwd>плоскость Лобачевского</kwd><kwd>сигнатура</kwd><kwd>изоморфизм.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inertia tensor</kwd><kwd>rigid body</kwd><kwd>pseudo-Euclidean space</kwd><kwd>Lobachevsky plane</kwd><kwd>signature</kwd><kwd>isomorphism.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobb G. Sur le probleme de la rotation d’un corps autour d’un point fixe // Bull. Soc. Math. France. 1895. Vol. XXIII. P. 210–215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobb, G. 1895, “Sur le probleme de la rotation d’un corps autour d’un point fixe”, Bull. Soc. Math. France, vol. 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