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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2015-16-4-227-249</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-197</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СТАРОЕ И НОВОЕ В ТЕОРИИ СУПЕРХАРАКТЕРОВ КОНЕЧНЫХ ГРУПП</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OLD AND NEW IN THE SUPERCHARACTER THEORY OF FINITE GROUPS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Самарский государственный университет.&#13;
Самарский государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика&#13;
С. П. Королева.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>249</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панов А.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/197">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/197</self-uri><abstract><p>Задача классификации неприводимых представлений является чрезвычайно трудной, "дикой" задачей для таких групп как максимальные унипотентные, борелевские, параболические подгруппы в конечных простых группах лиевского типа. В 1962 году А. А. Кириллов предложил метод орбит, согласно которому неприводимые представления нильпотентной группы Ли находятся во взаимно однозначном соответствии с коприсоединенными орбитами. В 1977 году Д. Каждан перенес метод орбит на случай конечных унипотентных групп. Однако, метод орбит не решает задачу, поскольку задача классификации коприсоединенных орбит является такой же "дикой" задачей. В 1995–2003 годах К. Андре построил теорию базисных характеров унитреугольной группы UT(n, Fq). Эти характеры не являются неприво- димыми, но имеют много общих черт с неприводимыми характерами. Тео- рия К. Андре была существенно упрощена Нинг Яном в 2001 г. В работе 2008 года П. Диаконис и И. Айзекс сформулировали общее по- нятие теории суперхарактеров и построили теорию суперхарактеров для алгебра групп, частным случаем которой является теория базисных ха- рактеров К. Андре. В общем случае задача состоит в том, чтобы для заданной группы построить теорию суперхарактеров, наиболее приближенную к теории неприводимых характеров. Теории суперхарактеров были посвящены многие работы. В настоящее время детально разработан случай абелевых групп; выяснена связь супер- характеров с суммами Гаусса, Костермана, Рамануджана. Построены тео- рии теории суперхарактеров для максимальных унипотентных подгрупп в ортогональной и симплектической группах. Решены задачи ограничения и супериндуцирования для базисных характеров. Задача построения теории суперхарактеров для параболических под- групп остается открытой. В § 1–2 настоящей работы будет дано авторское изложение общих поло- жений теории суперхарактеров и построена теория суперхарактеров для алгебра групп, следуя схеме работы П. Диакониса и И. Айзекса. В §3 анонсированы результаты автора по построению теории супер- характеров конечных групп треугольного типа, которая в виде частного случая содержит теорию П. Диакониса и И. Айзекса для алгебра групп. Для построенной теорию получен аналог формулы А. А. Кириллова для неприводимых характеров. Показано, что ограничение суперхарактера на подгруппу треугольного типа является суммой суперхарактеров этой подгруппы. Как и в случае алгебра групп, индуцирование не работает в тео- рии суперхарактеров. Но можно определить супериндуцирование, которое сохраняет многие свойства индуцирования, включая теоремы Фробениуса.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of classification of irreducible representations is a very complicated, "wild" problem for some groups like maximal unipotent, Borel and parabolic subgroups of the finite simple groups of Lie type. In 1962, A. A. Kirillov discovered the orbit method that establishes a one to one correspondence between the irreducible representations of a nilpotent Lie group and the coadjoit orbits. In 1977, D. Kazhdan modified the orbit method to be true for finite unipotent groups. However, the orbit method does not solve the problem, since the problem of classidication of the coadjpit orbits is a "wild" problem again. In 1995–2003, C. Andre constructer the theory of basic characters for the unitriangular group UT(n, Fq). These characters are not irreducible, but they have many common features with the irreducible characters. The Andre theory was simplified be Ning Yan in 2003. In 2008, P. Diaconis and I. Isaacs formulated the general notion of a supercharacter theory and constructed the supercharacter theory for algebra groups, its precial case is the Andre theory of basic characters. The general problem is to construct for a given group a supercharacter theory that as close to the theory of irreducible characters as possible. Many papers were devoted to the supercharacter theory. Up today the case of abelian groups is studied in details; the connection with Gauss, Kloosterman and Ramanujan sums is investigated. The supercharacter theories for maximal unipotent subgroups in orthogonal and symplectic groups are constructed. The problems of restriction and superinduction is solved for the basic characters. The problem of construction of a supercharacter theory for the parabolic subgroups is still open. In § 1–2 of the present paper, we present the authors proof of the main statements of the supercharacter theory for algebra groups, following the context of the paper of P. Diaconis and I. Isaacs. In §3, we announce the authors results on the supercharacter theory for the finite groups of triangular type, for which the theory of P. Diaconis and I.Isaacsas is a special case. We obtain the analog of A. A. Kirillov formula for irreducible characters. We show that the restriction of the supercaracter on a subgroup of triangular type is a sum supercharacters of these subgroup. As in the case of algebra group, the induction does not work for supercharacters. We defined a superinduction, obeying the main properties of induction including the Frobenius formula.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория суперхарактеров</kwd><kwd>алгебра группа</kwd><kwd>представления групп</kwd><kwd>треугольная группа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>supercharacter theory</kwd><kwd>algebra group</kwd><kwd>group representations</kwd><kwd>triangular group</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом РФФИ 14-01-97017-поволжье-а</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drozd Yu. Matrix problems, small reduction and representations of mixed groups// In: Representations of Algebras and Related Topics, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. 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