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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2015-16-4-77-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КВАДРАТИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ, АЛГЕБРАИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ И ТЕОРИЯ ЧИСЕЛ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>QUADRATIC FORMS, ALGEBRAIC GROUPS AND NUMBER THEORY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазунов</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazunov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>National Aviation University</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глазунов Н.М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глазунов Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glazunov N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/176">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/176</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью статьи является обзор некоторых важных результатов в теории квадратичных форм и алгебраических групп, которые оказали и оказывают влияние на развитие теории чисел. Статья ориентирована на избран- ные задачи и не является исчерпывающей. Представлены математические структуры, методы и результаты, в том числе и новые, связанные в той или иной степени с исследованиями В. П. Платонова. Содержание статьи следующее. Во введении обращено внимание на классические исследования Коркина, Золотарева и Вороного по теории экстремальных форм и напоминаются соответствующие определения. В разделе "Квадратичные формы и решетки" представлены необходимые определения, результаты о решетках и квадратичных формах над полем вещественных чисел и над кольцом целых рациональных чисел. Раздел 3 "Алгебраические группы" содержит представление классов решеток в ве- щественных пространствах как факторов алгебраических групп, а также вариант критерия Малера компактности таких факторов. Приведен результат о компактности факторов ортогональных групп квадратичных форм, не представляющих рационально нуля, а также определения и понятия, связанные с кватернионными алгебрами над рациональными числами. Приведенные результаты явно или неявно используются в работах В. П. Платонова, а также в разделах 4 и 5. Раздел 4 "Точки Хигнера и их обобщения" содержит краткий обзор новых исследований в направлении нахождения точек Хигнера и их обобщений. В разделе 5 кратко представлены некоторые новые исследования и результаты по принципу Хассе для алгебраических групп. Для чтения статьи может быть полезным знакомство со статьей автора, опубликованной в 3-м выпуске "Чебышевского сборника" за 2015 год. Я глубоко признателен Н. М. Добровольскому за помощь и поддержку в процессе подготовки статьи к печати.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article is an overview of some important results in the theory of quadratic forms, and algebraic groups, and which had an impact on the development of the theory of numbers. The article focuses on selected tasks and is not exhaustive. A mathematical structures, methods and results, including the new ones, related in some extent with research of V.P. Platonov. The content of the article is following. In the introduction drawn attention to the classic researches of Korkin, Zolotarev and Voronoi on the theory of extreme forms and recall the relevant definitions. In section 2 "Quadratic forms and lattices"presented the necessary definitions, the results of the lattices and quadratic forms over the field of real numbers and over the ring of rational integers. Section 3 "Algebraic groups"contains a representation of the class of lattices in a real space as factors of algebraic groups, as well as the version of Mahler’s compactness criterion of such factors. Bringing the results of the compactness of factors of orthogonal groups of quadratic forms which do not represent zero rationally, and the definitions and concepts related to the quaternion algebras over rational numbers. These results explicitly or implicitly are used in the works of V. P. Platonov and in sections 4 and 5. Section 4 "Heegner points and their generalizations" provides an overview of new research in the direction of finding Heegner points and their generalizations. Section 5 summarizes some new research and results on the Hasse principle for algebraic groups. For the reading of the article may be a useful another article which has published by the author in the Chebyshevsky sbornik, vol. 16, no. 3, in 2015. I am deeply grateful to N. M. Dobrovolskii for help and support under the preparation of the article for publication.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>положительно определенная квадратичная форма</kwd><kwd>тело над полем рациональных чисел</kwd><kwd>конечномерная алгебра</kwd><kwd>принцип Хассе</kwd><kwd>жесткость</kwd><kwd>точка Хигнера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>positive definite quadratic form</kwd><kwd>finite-dimensional associative division algebra over rationals</kwd><kwd>Hasse principle</kwd><kwd>rigidity</kwd><kwd>Heegner point</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korkin A., Zolotarev G. Sur les formes quadratiques positives quaternaires // Math. Ann. 1872. Vol. 5. P. 581–583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korkin A., Zolotarev G. 1872, “Sur les formes quadratiques positives quaternaires”, Math. 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