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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2024-25-2-102-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геометрия блочных сред</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geometry of block environs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канель-Белов</surname><given-names>Алексей Яковлевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanel-Belov</surname><given-names>Alexey Yakovlevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Kanelster@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирова</surname><given-names>Валерия Орлановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirova</surname><given-names>Valeria Orlanovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Kirova_vo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Магнитогорский государственный технический уни-&#13;
верситет имени Г. И. Носова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Канель-Белов А.Я., Кирова В.О., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Канель-Белов А.Я., Кирова В.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kanel-Belov A.Y., Kirova V.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1734">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1734</self-uri><abstract><p>Для изучения блочного массива важно уметь определять относительное число блоков,удовлетворяющих данному свойству. Так, при разработке месторождения облицовочногокамня возникает необходимость по данным о трещиноватости определить распределениеблоков по объемам. Будем полагать (если не оговорено противное), что трещины моделируются неограниченными плоскостями и группируются в системы примерно параллельных трещин. Ниже рассматриваются модель равностоящих трещин и пуассоновская модель, в которой предполагается, что пересечения каждой системы трещин с прямой 𝐿 общего положения образуют пуассоновское множество точек, и кроме того, объединения любого числа этих множеств точек пересечения также образуют пуассоновские множества точек.Для модели равностоящих трещин (мы будем в дальнейшем ее называть равностоящеймоделью ) доказана эргодическая теорема, связывающая средние по объему и по реализациям для чисел блоков, удовлетворяющим данному свойству. Разработана основанная на этой теореме программа для ЭВМ. Также рассмотрены задачи определения среднего объема блока, распределения блоков по объемам и выхода так называемых тарифных (т.е. имеющих определенные размеры и форму) блоков при разработке месторождения облицовочного камня камнерезными машинами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To study a block array, it is important to be able to determine the relative number of blocks that satisfy a given property. Thus, when developing a deposit of facing stone, it becomes necessary to determine the distribution of blocks by volume based on data on fracturing. We will assume (unless otherwise stated) that the cracks are modeled by unbounded planes andare grouped into systems of approximately parallel cracks. Below we consider the model of equidistant cracks and the Poisson model, in which it is assumed that the intersections of each system of cracks with a generic line 𝐿 form a Poisson set of points, and in addition, the unions of any number of these sets of intersection points also form Poisson sets of points. For the model of equally spaced cracks (we will henceforth call it the equally spaced model), an ergodic theoremis proven that relates the averages over volume and over realizations for the number of blocks satisfying this property. A computer program based on this theorem has been developed. The problems of determining the average volume of a block, the distribution of blocks by volume and the yield of so-called tariff (i.e., having a certain size and shape) blocks when developing a deposit of facing stone using stone-cutting machines are also considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эргодический подход</kwd><kwd>эргодическая теорема</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ergodic approach</kwd><kwd>ergodic theorem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержка гранта РНФ 22-19-20073 «Комплексное исследование возможности при- менения самозаклинивающихся структур для повышения жесткости материалов и конструкций»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анощенко Н.Н. 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