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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2015-16-2-79-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОЛИЭДРАЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С КВАЗИ-МЕТРИКАМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>POLYHEDRAL STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH QUASI-METRICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M. Dutour Sikiri´c (Zagreb, Croatia)</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деза</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deza</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дютур Сикирич</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dutour Sikiri´c</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Ecole Normale Superieure</institution><country>France</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Московский педагогический государственный университет.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Деза М.М., Деза Е.И., Дютур Сикирич М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Деза М.М., Деза Е.И., Дютур Сикирич М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Deza M.M., Deza E.I., Dutour Sikiri´c M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/169">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/169</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с построением и исследованием конусов и многогранников конечных квази-метрик, кото­ рые являются несимметричными аналогами классических метрик. Во введении рассмотрена история вопроса, приведены примеры ис­ пользования метрик и квазиметрик в математике и ее приложениях, в том числе задачи, связанные с проблемой максимального разреза. В первом разделе даны определения конечных метрики и полуметри­ ки, а также их важнейших частных случаев: разреза, мультиразреза и гиперсемиметрики; построены конусы и многогранники указанных объек­ тов; исследованы их свойства. Рассмотрены связи конуса разрезов с мет­ рическими l1-пространствами. Особое внимание уделено симметриям по­ строенных конусов, которые состоят из перестановок и так называемых свичингов; именно преобразование свичинга служит основанием для вы­ бора неравенств, определяющих соответствующий многогранник. Во втором разделе рассмотрены конечные квази-метрики и квази-по­ луметрики, которые являются несимметричным аналогом конечных ме­ тик и полуметрик; даны определения ориентированного разреза и ориен­ тированного мультиразреза — важнейших частных случаев квази-полу­ метрики; введены понятия взвешиваемой квази-метрики и родственной ей частичной метрики; построены конусы и многогранники указанных объектов; исследованы их свойства. Рассмотрены связи ориентированных разрезов с кази-метрическим l1-пространством. Особое внимание уделено симметриям построенных конусов, которые состоят из перестановок и ори­ ентированных свичингов; как и в симметричном случае, преобразование ориентированного свичинга служит основанием для выбора неравенств, определяющих соответствующий многогранник. Рассмотрены резные под­ ходы к построению конуса и многогранника несимметричных гиперполу­ метрик. В последнем разделе представлены результаты вычислений, посвящен­ ных конусам и многогранникам квази-полуметрик, ориентированных раз­ резов, ориентировнных мультиразрезов, взвешиваемых квази-метрик и ча­ стичных метрик на 3, 4, 5 и 6 точках. Указаны размерность объекта, число экстремальных лучей (вершин) и их орбит, число гиперграней и их орбит, диаметры скелетона и реберного графа построенных конусов и многогран­ников.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper the problems of construction and description of cones and polyhedra of finite quasi-metrics are considered. These objects are asymmetrical analogs of classical finite metrics. The introduction presents the historical background and examples of applications of metrics and quasi-metrics. In particular, the questions connected with maximum cut problem are represented. In the first section definitions of finite metrics and semi-metrics are given, and also their major special cases are considered: cuts, muluticuts and hypersemimetrics. Cones and polyhedrons of the specified objects are constructed; their properties are investigated. Connections of the cut cone with metric l1-spaces are indicated. The special attention is paid to symmetries of the constructed cones which consist of permutations and so-called switchings; transformation of a switching serves the basis for a choice of the inequalities defining the corresponding polyhedron. In the second section finite quasi-metrics and quasi-semimetrics are considered. They are asymmetrical analogs of the usual finite metrics and semimetrics. Definition of the oriented cuts and oriented multicuts are given: they are the most important special cases of the quasi-semimetrics. Concept of weightable quasi-metrics and related to them partial metrics is introduced. Cones and polyhedrons of these objects are constructed; their properties are investigated. Connections of the oriented cut cone with quasi-metric l1-space are considered. The special attention is paid to symmetries of the constructed cones, which consist of permutations and oriented switchings; as well as in symmetric case, transformation of the oriented switching serves the basis for a choice of the inequalities defining the corresponding polyhedron. Different approaches to creation of a cone and a polyhedron of asymmetrical hypersemimetrics are considered. In the last section results of the calculations devoted to cones and to polyhedrons of quasi-semimetrics, the oriented cuts, the oriented multicuts, weighed quasimetrics and partial metrics for 3, 4, 5 and 6 points are considered. In fact, the dimension of an object, the number of its extreme rays (vertices) and their orbits, the number of its facets and their orbits, the diameters of the skeleton and the the ridge graph of the constructed cones and polyhedrons are specified.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Полуметрика</kwd><kwd>разрез</kwd><kwd>и мультиразрез</kwd><kwd>гиперполумет рика</kwd><kwd>конусы и многогранники полуметрик</kwd><kwd>разрезов и гиперполуметрик</kwd><kwd>квази-полуметрика</kwd><kwd>ориентрованные разрез и мультиразрез</kwd><kwd>взвешиваемая метрика</kwd><kwd>частичная метрика</kwd><kwd>конусы квази-полуметрик</kwd><kwd>ориентированных разрезов и мультиразрезов</kwd><kwd>взвешиваемых и частичных метрик</kwd><kwd>многогранники квази-полуметрик</kwd><kwd>ориентированных разрезов и мульти­ разрезов</kwd><kwd>взвешиваемых и частичных метрик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Semi-metrics</kwd><kwd>cut and multicut</kwd><kwd>hypersemimetric</kwd><kwd>cones and polyhedra of semimetrics</kwd><kwd>cuts and hypersemimetrics</kwd><kwd>quasi-semimetrics</kwd><kwd>oriented cut and multicut</kwd><kwd>weightable metric</kwd><kwd>partial metric</kwd><kwd>cones of quasisemimetrics</kwd><kwd>of oriented cuts and oriented multicuts</kwd><kwd>of weightable and partial metrics</kwd><kwd>polyhedra of quasi-semimetrics</kwd><kwd>of oriented cuts and multicuts</kwd><kwd>of weightable and partial metrics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charikar M., Makarychev K., Makarychev V. 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