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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2023-24-5-357-372</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1644</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История математики и приложений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Сomputer science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод Оцу в оценке пористости и распределении структурных дефектов по изображению компьютерной томографии изделий SLM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Otsu method for assessing porosity and distribution of structural defects in the image of computed tomography of SLM products</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуканов</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukanov</surname><given-names>Alexander Nikolaevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of technical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexchukanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Канель-Белов</surname><given-names>Алексей Яковлевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanel-Belov</surname><given-names>Alexey Yakovlevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kanelster@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>Alexandra Alexandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of technical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">despozisiya100@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цой</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsoi</surname><given-names>Evgeny Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsoyev@tsput.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моденов</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Modenov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yuryevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>генеральный директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>general director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.modenov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный&#13;
педагогический университет им. Л. Н. Толстого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г. И. Носова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Magnitogorsk State Nosov Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Металлург-Туламаш»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Metallurg-Tulamash LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный педагогический университет им. Л. Н. Толстого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Тульские мехатронные системы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula Mechatronic Systems LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>357</fpage><lpage>372</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чуканов А.Н., Канель-Белов А.Я., Яковенко А.А., Цой Е.В., Моденов М.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чуканов А.Н., Канель-Белов А.Я., Яковенко А.А., Цой Е.В., Моденов М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chukanov A.N., Kanel-Belov A.Y., Yakovenko A.A., Tsoi E.V., Modenov M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1644">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1644</self-uri><abstract><p>Описана методика наблюдения и статистического анализа количества и расположения структурных дефектов  (несплошностей различной морфологии и неметаллическихвключений) в объёме нагруженных образцов порошковых нержавеющих и жаропрочных сплавов систем Fe-Cr-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo, изготовленных по аддитивной технологии SLM.Задача оценки пористости по изображению компьютерной томографии (КТ) сводится к установлению наличия на изображении элементов (объектов), с некоторыми индивидуальными характеристиками. Такой характеристикой принята яркость элементов изображения. Наиболее простым и естественным способом обнаружения объекта/объектов является выбор порога яркости или пороговая классификация (thresholding). В работе для указанных целей использовали метод Нобуюки Оцу, разработанный в 1979 году.Представлено сравнение информативности результатов пористости по анализу изображений, полученных при помощи методик рентгеновской компьютерной томографии иметаллографического анализа (оптического, РЭМ). Наибольшее содержание пористости в образце, отсканированном методом КТ, составило ∼0,61-0,82%. Поры в образцах SLM сплавов в обоих случаях (при оптической микроскопии и компьютерной томографии) распределены неравномерно. Анализируются проблемы, оказывающие влияние на объём информации и количественные характеристики концентраторов напряжений, фиксируемых в объектах.Показана перспективность применения алгоритма Оцу для обработки изображений КТ и оценки распределения пористости в образцах аддитивного производства, позволившего детально визуализировать внутренние поры в образцах в 3D без их физического и химического разрушения по сравнению с металлографической подготовкой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The method of observation and statistical analysis of the number and distribution of structural defects (discontinuities of various morphologies and non-metallic inclusions) in the volume of loaded samples of powder stainless and high-strength alloys of Fe-Cr-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo systems manufactured according to additive technology SLM is described.The task of assessing porosity from a computed tomography (CT) image is to determine the presence of elements (objects) in the image with certain individual characteristics. This characteristic is the brightness of the image elements. The simplest and most natural wayto detect an object/objects is to select a brightness threshold or threshold classification (thresholding). In the work, the Nobuyuki Otsu method, developed in 1979, was used for these purposes.A comparison of the informative value of porosity results for the analysis of images obtained using X-ray computed tomography and metallographic analysis (optical, SEM) techniques is presented. The highest porosity content in the CT scanned sample was ∼0.61-0.82%. The pores in the samples of SLM alloys in both cases (optical microscopy and computed tomography) are unevenly distributed. The problems affecting the amount of information and quantitativecharacteristics of stress concentrators recorded in objects are analyzed.The prospects of using the Ots algorithm for processing CT images and estimating the porosity distribution in samples of additive manufacturing are shown, which made it possible to visualize in detail the internal pores in samples in 3D without their physical and chemicaldestruction compared with metallographic preparation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>порошковые сплавы</kwd><kwd>Fe-Cr-Ni</kwd><kwd>Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo</kwd><kwd>технология SLM</kwd><kwd>растяжение</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>рентгеновская компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>пористость</kwd><kwd>метод Оцу.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>powder alloys</kwd><kwd>Fe-Cr-Ni</kwd><kwd>Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo</kwd><kwd>SLM technology</kwd><kwd>stretching</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>X-ray computed tomography</kwd><kwd>powrosity</kwd><kwd>the Otsu method.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Представленные в данной статье исследования выполнены на средства гранта 2022 г. по приоритетному направлению деятельности Российского научного фонда «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследо- ваний и поисковых научных исследований малыми отдельными научными группами» по научному проекту: «Волновая деформация и ее взаимосвязь с ортотропией структуры и физико-механических свойств в изделиях селективного лазерного сплавления» (соглашение № 23-29-00433 от 13.01.2023 г.) (https://rscf.ru/project/№ 23-29-00433/)., А.Я. Канель-Белов был поддержан грантом РНФ 22-19-20073 «Комплексное исследование возможно- сти применения самозаклинивающихся структур для повышения жесткости материалов и конструкций» (https://rscf.ru/project/No 22-19-20073). Ему принадлежит только раздел постановка задач.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research presented in this article was carried out with the funds of a 2022 grant in the priority area of activity of the Russian Science Foundation “Conducting fundamental scientific research and exploratory scientific research by small individual scientific groups” under the scientific project: “Wave deformation and its relationship with orthotropy of structure and physico-mechanical properties in selective laser fusion products” (Agreement № . 23-29-00433 dated 01/13/2023) (https://rscf.ru/project /№ . 23-29-00433/)., A.Ya. 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