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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2023-24-4-325-334</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Краткие сообщения</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О диофантовых неравенствах с простыми числами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the diophantine inequalities with prime numbers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горяшин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryashin</surname><given-names>Dmitry Victorovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.goryashin@math.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриценко</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsenko</surname><given-names>Sergei Alexandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.gritsenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>334</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горяшин Д.В., Гриценко С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горяшин Д.В., Гриценко С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goryashin D.V., Gritsenko S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1608">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1608</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются две задачи о приближении заданного положительного числа 𝑁 суммой двух простых чисел, а также суммой простого числа и двух квадратов простых чисел.В 2001 г. Р. Бейкер, Г. Харман и Дж. Пинтц доказали для числа решений неравенства |𝑝 − 𝑁| ⩽ 𝐻 в простых числах 𝑝 правильную по порядку оценку снизу при 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(21/40+𝜀), где 𝜀 — произвольно малое положительное число. С использованием этого результата иплотностной техники в настоящей работе доказана оценка снизу для числа решений неравенства |𝑝1 + 𝑝2 − 𝑁| ⩽ 𝐻 в простых числах 𝑝1, 𝑝2 при 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(7/80+𝜀).Кроме того, на основе плотностной техники доказана также оценка снизу для числа решений неравенства |𝑝^2_1+ 𝑝^2_2+ 𝑝_3− 𝑁|⩽ 𝐻 в простых числах 𝑝1, 𝑝2 и 𝑝3 при 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(7/72+𝜀).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with two problems of approximating a given positive number 𝑁 by the sum of two primes, and by the sum of a prime and two squares of primes.In 2001, R. Baker, G. Harman, and J. Pintz proved for the number of solutions of the inequality |𝑝 − 𝑁| ⩽ 𝐻 in primes 𝑝 a lower bound for 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(21/40+𝜀), where 𝜀 is an arbitrarily small positive number. Using this result and the density technique, in this paper we prove a lower bound for the number of solutions of the inequality |𝑝_1 + 𝑝_2 − 𝑁| ⩽ 𝐻 in prime numbers 𝑝_1, 𝑝_2 for 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(7/80+𝜀.)Also based on the density technique, we prove a lower bound for the number of solutions of the inequality |𝑝^2_1+ 𝑝^2_2+ 𝑝_3 − 𝑁|⩽ 𝐻 in prime numbers 𝑝_1, 𝑝_2 and 𝑝_3 for 𝐻 ⩾ 𝑁^(7/72+𝜀).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диофантовы неравенства</kwd><kwd>простые числа</kwd><kwd>плотностные теоремы.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diophantine inequalities</kwd><kwd>prime numbers</kwd><kwd>density theorems.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронин С. М., Карацуба А. А. Дзета-функция Римана. М.: Физматлит, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronin, S. M. &amp; Karatsuba, A. 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