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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2023-24-2-228-247</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рассмотрение особого ряда асимптотической формулы задачи Клоостермана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Consideration of a singular series of the asymptotic formula of Kloosterman’s problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куртова</surname><given-names>Лилиана Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurtova</surname><given-names>Liliana Nikolaevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kurtova@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотькина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mot’kina</surname><given-names>Natalia Nikolaevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Motkina@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod State National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куртова Л.Н., Мотькина Н.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куртова Л.Н., Мотькина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurtova L.N., Mot’kina N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1543">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1543</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе рассматривается задача о представлении натурального числа 𝑛 диагональной квадратичной формой с четырьмя переменными 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑧2 + 𝑑𝑡2, где 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 – заданные положительные целые числа. Ставится вопрос — определить, при каких условиях на коэффициенты 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 не существует такого представления для заданного 𝑛. Такие условия, полученные на основании теории сравнений или без доказательства, приводятся в работе Клоостермана (1926).Клоостерман также получил асимптотическую формулу для числа решений уравнения 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑦2+𝑐𝑧2+𝑑𝑡2. Главный член формулы является рядом +Σ︀∞𝑞=1Φ(𝑞) от мультипликативной функции Φ(𝑞), содержащей одномерные суммы Гаусса с коэффициентами 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑.Наша работа связана с изучением представления этого особого ряда в виде произведения по простым числам Π︀𝑝|𝑞(1 + Φ(𝑝) +Φ(𝑝2) + · · · ).Ранее авторы рассмотрели случай, когда 𝑝 ̸= 2. С использованием точных формул для одномерных сумм Гаусса, суммы Рамануджана и обобщенной суммы Рамануджана от степени простого числа доказаны условия на коэффициенты 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑛, при которыхуравнение 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑧2 + 𝑑𝑡2 не имеет решений.В этой работе рассматривается случай, когда 𝑝 = 2 и 𝑛 – нечетное. С учетом формул для одномерных сумм Гаусса от степени двойки возникают некоторые суммы, родственные сумме Клоостермана, которые ранее не изучались. Для таких сумм от степени двойкинами были получены точные значения. Это позволило привести полное доказательство условий для коэффициентов 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, хотя бы два из которых четные. При этих условиях нечетное натуральное число нельзя представить диагональной квадратичной формой с четырьмя переменными. Отметим, что некоторые из этих условий являются новыми и не упоминаются в работе Клоостермана.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The representation problem of a natural number 𝑛 in the diagonal quadratic form with four variables 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑧2 + 𝑑𝑡2, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 are given positive integers, is considered in this paper. The question is posed to define under what conditions on the coefficients 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 such representation does not exist for a given 𝑛. These conditions, which obtained based on the theory of congruences or without proof, are given in the Kloosterman’s work (1926).Kloosterman also has obtained an asymptotic formula for the number of solutions to the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑧2 + 𝑑𝑡2. The main term of this formula is a series +Σ︀∞𝑞=1Φ(𝑞) of a multiplicative function Φ(𝑞) containing the one-dimensional Gaussian sums with coefficients 𝑎,𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑. Our work is related to the study of the representation of this special series as a product over primes Π︀ 𝑝|𝑞 (1 + Φ(𝑝) + Φ(𝑝2) + · · · ).Previously, the authors have been considered the case when 𝑝 ̸= 2. Conditions for the coefficients 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑛 under which the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑧2 + 𝑑𝑡2 has no solutions have been proved with using exact formulas for the one-dimensional Gaussian sums, Ramanujan sum and the generalized Ramanujan sum from the power of a prime.The case for 𝑝 = 2 and 𝑛 odd is considering in this paper. Taking into account formulas for the one-dimensional Gaussian sums from the power of two, the some not previously studied sums that are close to the Kloosterman sum, are appeared. For such sums from the power oftwo, we obtained the exact values. This allowed us to give a complete proof of the conditions on the coefficients 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, at least two of which are even. Under these conditions an odd natural number cannot be represented by a diagonal quadratic form with four variables. Notethat some of these conditions are new and are not mentioned in Kloosterman’s work.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>асимптотическая формула</kwd><kwd>сумма Гаусса</kwd><kwd>сумма Клоостермана.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asymptotic formula</kwd><kwd>Gaussian sum</kwd><kwd>Kloosterman sum.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лагранж Ж.Л. 1736—1936: Сборник статей к 200–летию со дня рождения. —М. –Л.: Изд. АН СССР, 1937, 220 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lagrange, J–L 1937, 1736–1936. Sbornik statei k 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya [1736–1936. Collection of articles for the 200th anniversary of the birth]. Izd. AN SSSR, Moscow, pp. 220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lejeune Dirichlet P. G. 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