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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2022-23-5-20-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1404</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О критических решетках единичного шара</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On critical lattices of the unit sphere</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басалов</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basalov</surname><given-names>Yurij Aleksandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basalov_yurij@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный педагогический университет им. Л. Н. Толстого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Басалов Ю.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Басалов Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Basalov Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1404">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1404</self-uri><abstract><p>История вопроса вычисления и оценки постоянной Эрмита насчитывает два столетия.В данной статье дается краткий обзор истории этой задачи. Также эта проблема рассматривается с точки зрения критических решеток единичного шара.Данная задача берет свое начало с работ Ж. Л. Лагранжа, Л. А. Зеебера и К. Ф. Гаусса.Разрабатывая теорию приведения положительно определенных квадратичных форм, ими были получены предельные формы, для которых отношение минимального значения этих форм в целых точках, отличных от 0, к их определителю было максимально.В середине XIX века Ш. Эрмитом была получена оценка этой величины для произвольной размерности. А в конце XIX века А. Н. Коркиным и Е. И. Золотаревым был предложен новый метод приведения квадратичных форм, который позволил получить точные значения постоянной Эрмита вплоть до размерности 8.В данной работе будет рассматриваться эквивалентная постоянной Эрмита величина – критический определитель единичного шара. Следует отметить тесную связь этих величин с другими задачами геометрии чисел, например, задачами нахождения плотности наилучшей упаковки, поиска кратчайшего вектора решетки и диофантовыми приближениями. Мы приведем критические решетки размерностей до 8, а также рассмотрим ихнекоторые метрические свойства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The history of the problem of calculating and estimating the Hermite constant has two centuries. This article provides a brief overview of the history of this problem. Also, this problem is considered from the point of view of critical lattices of the unit sphere.This problem begans from the works of J. L. Lagrange, L. A. Seeber and K. F. Gauss.While developing the theory of reduction of positive definite quadratic forms, they obtained limit forms for which the ratio of the minimum value of these forms at integer points other than 0 to their determinant is maximal.In the middle of the 19th century, Sh. Hermit obtained an estimate for this quantity for an arbitrary dimension. And at the end of the 19th century, A. N. Korkin and E. I. Zolotarev proposed a new method for reducing quadratic forms, which made it possible to obtain exactvalues of the Hermite constant up to dimension 8.In this paper, we will consider a quantity equivalent to the Hermite constant, the critical determinant of the unit sphere. It should be noted that these quantities are closely connected with other problems in the geometry of numbers, for example, the problems of finding the density of the best packing, finding the shortest lattice vector, and Diophantine approximations. We present critical lattices of dimensions up to 8 and consider some of their metric properties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>критические определители</kwd><kwd>решетки</kwd><kwd>минимумы положительно определенных квадратичных форм.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>critical determinants</kwd><kwd>lattices</kwd><kwd>minimum of positive definite quadratic forms.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Министерства образования и науки РФ на развитие молодежных лабораторий, в рамках реализации ТГПУ им. Л. Н. Толстого программы «Приоритет 2030» по Соглашению №073-03-2022-117/7 по теме «Теоретико-числовые методы в приближенном анализе и их приложения в механике и физике»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Венков Б. 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