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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2022-23-4-327-349</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1397</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История математики и приложений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Сomputer science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция основных положений теории устойчивости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of the main provisions of the theory of stability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухин</surname><given-names>Равиль Рафкатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhin</surname><given-names>Ravil’ Rafkatovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukhiny@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Старооскольский технологический институт им. А. А. Угарова (филиал) Национального исследовательского технологического университета «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ugarov Stary Oskol Technological Institute (branch) National University of Science and Technology «MISiS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мухин Р.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухин Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukhin R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1397">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1397</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является изучение эволюции понятия устойчивости, представляющей структурообразующее понятие во всех областях науки и техники, и даже за их пределами. Этапы этой длительной эволюции соответствовали доминирующим тенденциям ма-тематики своего времени. К концу XIX в. была осознана сложность понятия устойчивости, встал вопрос о математически строгом подходе к проблеме. Была построена общая теория устойчивости движения на прочном математическом фундаменте. Это стало вехой не только в развитии самого предмета, но составило одно из оснований построения качественной теории. В дальнейшем теория устойчивости разделилась на две ветви: одна – расширение теории вширь на старой идейной базе, усиление связей с приложениями; другая – устойчивость в контексте теории динамических систем. В последнем случае устойчивые движения рассматриваются в ряду всех движений, в дихотомии устойчивость-неустойчивость оба полюса равноправны и содержательны. Неустойчивость оказывается тоже сложным понятием, с многообразием форм. Неустойчивость приобрела конструктивное значение, она обеспечивает новации, развитие. Типичным является сосуществование устойчивости и неустойчивости со сложной топологией такой структуры. Многообразные виды неустойчивости демонстрирует явление турбулентности. Изучение этого явления на современном уровне требует использование математики по канонам строгости, принятых в самой математике. Можно поставить вопрос о границах применимости возможностей самого качественного описания и понятия устойчивости. В этом отношении имеются первые результаты, требуются новые идеи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work is to study the evolution of the concept of stability, which is a structureforming concept in all areas of science and technology, and even beyond them. The stages of this long evolution corresponded to the dominant trends in the mathematics of their time.By the end of the XIX century. the complexity of the concept of stability was realized, the question arose of a mathematically rigorous approach to the problem. A general theory of motion stability was built on a solid mathematical foundation. This became a milestone notonly in the development of the subject itself, but was one of the foundations for constructing a qualitative theory. Subsequently, the theory of stability was divided into two branches: one - the expansion of the theory in breadth based on old ideas, strengthening the links with applications; the other is stability in the context of the theory of dynamical systems. In the latter case, stable movements are considered in the series of all movements; in the stability-instability dichotomy both poles are equal and meaningful. Instability also turns out to be a complex concept that has a variety of forms. Instability has acquired a constructive meaning; it ensures innovation and development. Typical is the coexistence of stability and instability with a complex topology of such a structure. Diverse types of instability demonstrate the phenomenon of turbulence. The study of this phenomenon at the modern level requires the use of mathematics according to the canons of rigor adopted in mathematics itself. One can raise the question of the limits of applicability of the possibilities of the most qualitative description and the concept of stability.In this regard, there are first results, new ideas are required.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>возмущение</kwd><kwd>критерий устойчивости</kwd><kwd>динамическая си- стема</kwd><kwd>неустойчивость</kwd><kwd>турбулентность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stability</kwd><kwd>perturbation</kwd><kwd>stability criterion</kwd><kwd>dynamical system</kwd><kwd>instability</kwd><kwd>turbulence.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 20-011-00402 А.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Thе work was supported by the RFBR grant No. 20-011-00402 A.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leine R. 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