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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2022-23-4-198-210</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История математики и приложений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Сomputer science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование Коши по подстановкам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cauchy’s research on substitutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ингтем</surname><given-names>Наталья Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ingtem</surname><given-names>Natalia Vasilyevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nathalia_koulik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ингтем Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ингтем Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ingtem N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1389">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1389</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена введению и становлению термина и символа действия «подстановка».В математических исследованиях до Лагранжа никогда не практиковалось переставлять независимые переменные, входящие в заданную функцию. Впервые этот приём встречается у Лагранжа в работе 1771г., посвящённой алгебраическому решению уравнений.Вандермонд, опубликовавший свою работу в том же 1771г., высказывает идею о необходимости ввести обозначения, упрощающие вычисления и восприятие операций над функциями корней. Однако введенные обозначения не были простыми для понимания и усложнялись с повышением степени уравнения.Работы Руффини, опубликованные с 1799 по 1813г., имели цель доказать невозможность решения уравнения 5-й степени и представляют, по сути, исследование симметрической группы , представленной значениями функции корней, в виде всевозможных перестановок этих корней. В ходе исследований, он доказывает, что группа 𝑆5 не содержит подгрупп индекса 3, 4 или 8. Однако, так же как и Лагранж, Руффини использует сложныегромоздкие выражения.Коши, занимаясь вопросами комбинаторного анализа, попытался обобщить результат, полученный Руффини на уравнения произвольной степени. Работая над вопросом установления пределов, которые может принимать функция 𝑛 переменных, Коши, изобрёл новый инструмент исследования, ставший впоследствии самостоятельной теорией. Это теория группы подстановок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the introduction and formation of the term and the action symbol "substitution". In mathematical research before Lagrange, it was never practiced to rearrange independent variables contained in a given function. For the first time this technique is foundin Lagrange’s work of 1771, devoted to the algebraic solution of equations.Vandermond, who had published his work in the same year 1771, has expressed the idea of the need to introduce notations that simplify calculations and the perception of operations on root functions. However, the introduced designations were not easy to understand and became more complicated with increasing the degree of the equation.Ruffini’s works, published from 1799 to 1813, aimed to prove the impossibility of solving the equation of the 5th degree and are, in fact, a study of the symmetric group represented by the values of the root function in the form of all possible permutations of these roots. Duringthese researches, he proves that the group 𝑆5 does not contain subgroups of the index 3, 4 or 8. However, just like Lagrange, Ruffini uses complex cumbersome expressions.Cauchy, dealing with issues of combinatorial analysis, tried to generalize the result obtained by Ruffini to equations of arbitrary degree. Working on the determination of the limits that afunction of 𝑛 variables can take, Cauchy has invented a new research tool, which later became an independent theory. This was the the substitution group theory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перестановка</kwd><kwd>подстановка</kwd><kwd>типы сочетаний</kwd><kwd>частичные типы</kwd><kwd>симмет- рические функции</kwd><kwd>индекс функции</kwd><kwd>произведение подстановок.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>permutation</kwd><kwd>substitution</kwd><kwd>combination types</kwd><kwd>partial types</kwd><kwd>symmetric functions</kwd><kwd>function index</kwd><kwd>product of substitutions.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cauchy A. L. M´emoire sur le nombre des valeurs qu’une function peut acquerir. Oeuvres</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cauchy A. L. Oeuvres compl`etes, 2-e s´erie, T1. 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