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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2022-23-3-224-237</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История математики и приложений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Сomputer science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нелинейная математическая модель связи тензоров второго ранга для композитных материалов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nonlinear mathematical model of relation of second-rank tensors for composite materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трещев</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Treschev</surname><given-names>Alexander Anatolyevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук, доктор технических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>corresponding member of the Russian Academy ofArchitecture and Construction Sciences, doctor of technical sciences, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taa58@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздев</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdev</surname><given-names>Alexander Yevgenyevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of technical sciences, professor, </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gwozdew.alexandr2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ющенко</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushchenko</surname><given-names>Nikita Sergeevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yushenko_1972@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Антон Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Anton Alekseevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antony_ak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный&#13;
университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State&#13;
University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный педагогический университет имени Л.Н. Толстого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>224</fpage><lpage>237</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трещев А.А., Гвоздев А.Е., Ющенко Н.С., Калинин А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трещев А.А., Гвоздев А.Е., Ющенко Н.С., Калинин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Treschev A.A., Gvozdev A.Y., Yushchenko N.S., Kalinin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1357">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1357</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ процессов деформирования как давно известных, так и новых полимерных, композитных и синтетических материалов, используемых в строительных конструкций, деталях аппаратов, машин, а также энергетических установок позволил выявить их специфические свойства. Установлено, что многие подобные материалы имеют ортотропиюструктуры с одновременным проявлением деформационной анизотропией или неоднородностью. Наведенная деформационная анизотропия или механическая неоднородность вызвана зависимостью жесткостных и прочностных характеристик от вида напряженного состояния. В предыдущих работах авторов показано, что традиционные модели деформирования подобных материалов и их математические представления, приводят к грубым ошибкам, явно проявляющимся при расчете различных конструкций. При этом тео-рии деформирования композитных материалов с «усложненными свойствами», специально разработанные для них другими авторами в последние 40 лет, весьма противоречивы и обладают непреодолимыми недостатками. Авторами представленной работы ранее были разработаны нелинейные энергетические связи тензоров деформаций и напряжений, для определения констант которых рекомендован широкий набор экспериментов. Однако среди экспериментальных испытаний необходимо привлекать опыты по сложным напряженным состояниям, многие из которых в настоящее время практически нереализуемы.Поэтому в 2021 году были постулирован квазилинейный потенциал деформаций, представленный в главных осях ортотропии материалов. Для этого варианта оказалось достаточным вычисления констант по данным простейших опытов. Несмотря на несомненныепреимущества данного потенциала, все же реальные нелинейные диаграммы аппроксимировались прямыми лучами по методу наименьших квадратов, а это при качественной адекватности приводило к количественным погрешностям. В связи с этим в представленной статье сделана попытка ухода от общих правил формулировки полной нелинейной потенциальной связи тензоров деформаций и напряжений. В этом направлении постулировананелинейная математическая модель связи двух тензоров второго ранга, объединяющая форму обобщенного закона Гука для ортотропного материала, теорию малых упругопластических деформаций и методику тензорного пространства нормированных напряжений.Данный подход позволил определять нелинейные материальные функции, ограничившись набором традиционных простейших экспериментов. Сделано замечание о единственности решений краевых задач, которая сводится к проверке устойчивости уравнений состояния в малом по Друкеру. В рамках предложенной математической модели обработаны широко известные экспериментальные диаграммы для карбоно-графитового композита, для которого получены нелинейные материальные функции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of the deformation processes of both long-known and new polymer, composite and synthetic materials used in building structures, parts of apparatuses, machines, as well as power plants revealed their specific properties. It is established that many similar materials have orthotropy of the structure with simultaneous manifestation of deformation anisotropyor heterogeneity. Induced deformation anisotropy or mechanical inhomogeneity is caused by the dependence of stiffness and strength characteristics on the type of stress state. In previous works of the authors, it has been shown that traditional models of deformation of such materials and their mathematical representations lead to gross errors that are clearly manifested in thecalculation of various structures. At the same time, the theories of deformation of composite materials with "complicated properties specially developed for them by other authors in the last 40 years, are very contradictory and have insurmountable disadvantages. The authors ofthe presented work have previously developed nonlinear energy relations of strain and stress tensors, for determining the constants of which a wide range of experiments is recommended.However, among the experimental tests, it is necessary to involve experiments on complex stress states, many of which are currently practically unrealizable. Therefore, in 2021, a quasi-linear deformation potential was postulated, represented in the main axes of orthotropy of materials.For this option, it turned out to be sufficient to calculate constants according to the simplest experiments. Despite the undoubted advantages of this potential, nevertheless, real nonlinear diagrams were approximated by direct rays using the least squares method, and this, with qualitative adequacy, led to quantitative errors. In this regard, the presented article attempts to avoid the general rules for the formulation of a complete nonlinear potential relationship ofstrain and stress tensors. In this direction, a nonlinear mathematical model of the connection of two second-rank tensors is postulated, combining the form of the generalized Hooke’s law for orthotropic material, the theory of small elastic-plastic deformations and the tensor space technique of normalized stresses. This approach allowed us to determine nonlinear materialfunctions, limiting ourselves to a set of traditional simplest experiments. A remark is made about the uniqueness of solutions to boundary value problems, which boils down to checking the stability of the equations of state in the small Drucker. Within the framework of the proposed mathematical model, widely known experimental diagrams for a carbon-graphite composite are processed, for which nonlinear material functions are obtained.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нелинейные материальные функции</kwd><kwd>деформационная анизотропия</kwd><kwd>структурная ортотропия</kwd><kwd>уравнения состояния</kwd><kwd>тензоры второго ранга</kwd><kwd>главные оси орто- тропии</kwd><kwd>метод наименьших квадратов.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonlinear material functions</kwd><kwd>deformation anisotropy</kwd><kwd>structural orthotropy</kwd><kwd>equations of state</kwd><kwd>second-rank tensors</kwd><kwd>main axes of orthotropy</kwd><kwd>least squares method.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Правительства Тульской области для выполнения работ в сфере науки и техники, договор №ДС/284.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmueser, D.W. 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