<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2022-23-3-147-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Связь между кольцом Ad*-инвариантных полиномов и инвариантами Жордана — Кронекера нильпотентных алгебр Ли малой размерности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Connection between the ring of Ad*-invariant polynomials and the Jordan–Kronecker invariants of nilpotent low-dimensional Lie</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарёв</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>Vladimir Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boba1997@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономарёв В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономарёв В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomarev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1348">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1348</self-uri><abstract><p>Эта статья посвящена исследованию взаимосвязи между инвариантами Жордана — Кронекера и свободной порождённостью кольца Ad*-инвариантных полиномов алгебр Лиразмерности меньше или равной семи. На коалгебре алгебры Ли можно задать скобку Пуассона с постоянными коэффициентами, а также скобку Ли-Пуассона. Таким образом, любая пара элементов коалгебры Ли задаёт однопараметрическое семейство кососимметричных билинейных форм, называемое пучком. Для двух любых форм из пучка можно построить базис, в котором они одновременно примут блочно-диагональный вид с блоками двух типов. Этот вид называется разложением Жордана — Кронекера. При этом количество и размеры блоков будут одинаковыми для любой пары форм из пучка. Алгебраическим типом пучка называют количество и размеры блоков в разложении Жордана —Кронекера любой его пары. Почти все пучки одной алгебры Ли имеют одинаковый алгебраический тип, который является инвариантом Жордана — Кронекера данной алгебры Ли.Имеется теорема, которая утверждает, что для нильпотентной алгебры Ли существование двух кронекеровых пучков одного ранга, но различного алгебраического типа означает, что кольцо Ad*-инвариантных полиномов обязано быть несвободно порождённым. В данной работе рассмотрены все кронекеровы алгебры Ли (из известного списка семимерных нильпотентных алгебр Ли), для которых имеется возможность существования кронекеровых пучков того же ранга, что и ранг алгебры. В результате проверки был получен отрицательный ответ на вопрос о том, верно ли обратное утверждение к сформулированной теореме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is concerned with the study of connections between the Jordan–Kronecker invariants and free generatedness of the ring of Ad*-invariant polynomials of Lie algebras of dimension less than or equal to seven. At the dual space of the Lie algebra it is possible to define the Poisson bracket with the constant coefficients and the Lie-Poisson bracket. Thus, any pair of points from this dual space defines an one-parameter family of skew-symmetric bilinear forms, called a pencil. For any two bilinear forms from the pencil there exists a basis, in whichtheir matrices can be simultaneously reduced to the block-diagonal form with the blocks of two types. This form is called the Jordan-Kronecker decomposition. At the same time, the number and sizes of blocks will be the same for any pair of bilinear forms from the pencil. The algebraic type of a pencil is the number and sizes of blocks in the Jordan-Kronecker decomposition of any pairs of bilinear forms from the pencil. Almost all pencils of the same Lie algebra have the same algebraic type, which is the Jordan-Kronecker invariant of a given Lie algebra. There is a theorem that states that for a nilpotent Lie algebra, the existence of two Kronecker pencils of the same rank but of different algebraic types means that the ring of Ad*-invariant polynomialsmust be non-freely generated. In this paper, we considered all Kronecker Lie algebras (from the certain list of 7-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras) for which there was a possibility of the existence of a Kronecker pencils of the same rank as the rank of the algebra. As a result of the research, a negative answer was obtained to the question of whether the converse statement to the previous theorem is true.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алгебра Ли</kwd><kwd>инварианты Жордана — Кронекера</kwd><kwd>инварианты копри- соединённого представления.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lie algebra</kwd><kwd>Jordan–Kronecker invariants</kwd><kwd>coadjoint invariants.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolsinov A. V., Kozlov I. K. Jordan–Kronecker invariants of Lie algebra representations and</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsinov, A. V., Kozlov, I. K. 2014. “Jordan–Kronecker invariants of Lie algebra representations</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">degrees of invariant polynomials // arXiv:1407.1878. 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and degrees of invariant polynomials“, arXiv:1407.1878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolsinov A. V., Oshemkov A. A. Bi-Hamiltonian structures and singularities of integrable</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsinov, A. V., Oshemkov, A. A. 2009. “Bi-Hamiltonian structures and singularities of integrable</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">systems // Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 2009. Vol. 14, №4-5. P. 431–454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">systems“, Regul. Chaotic Dyn., vol. 14, no. 4-5, pp. 431–454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болсинов А. В., Фоменко А.Т. Интегрируемые гамильтоновы системы. Геометрия, топо-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsinov, A. V., Fomenko, A. T. 1999. Integriruemye gamil’tonovy sistemy. Geometriya, topologiya,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">логия, классификация. Том 1. // Ижевск : Издательский дом «Удмуртский университет».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">klassifikaciya. Tom 1. [Integrable Hamiltonian Systems. Geometry, topology, classification.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">444.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vol. 1], Izhevsk : Izdatel’skij dom «Udmurtskij universitet». pp. 444.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolsinov A.V., Zhang P. Jordan-Kronecker invariants of finite-dimensional Lie algebras //</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsinov, A. V., Zhang, P. 2016. “Jordan-Kronecker invariants of finite-dimensional Lie algebras“,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Transformation Groups. 2016. Vol. 21, №1. P. 51 - 86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Transformation Groups., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 51 - 86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weierstrass K. Zur Theorie der bilinearen und quadratischen formen // Monatsh. Akad. Wiss.,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weierstrass, K. 1867. “Zur Theorie der bilinearen und quadratischen formen“, Monatsh. Akad.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berlin. 1867. P. 310–338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiss., Berlin., pp. 310–338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelfand I. M., Zakharevich I. Webs, Veronese curves, and bi-Hamiltonian systems // J. Funct.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfand, I. M., Zakharevich, I. 1991. “Webs, Veronese curves, and bi-Hamiltonian systems“, J.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anal. 1991. Vol. 99, №1. P. 150–178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Funct. Anal., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 150–178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelfand I. M., Zakharevich I. On the local geometry of a bi-Hamiltonian structure// The</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfand, I. M., Zakharevich, I. 1993. “On the local geometry of a bi-Hamiltonian structure“, The</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gel’fand Mathematical Seminars, 1990–1992, Birkh¨auser Boston, Boston, MA. 1993. P.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gel’fand Mathematical Seminars, 1990–1992, Birkh¨auser Boston, Boston, MA., pp. 51–112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfand, I. M., Zakharevich, I. 2000. “Webs, Lenard schemes, and the local geometry of bi-</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelfand I. M., Zakharevich I. Webs, Lenard schemes, and the local geometry of bi-Hamiltonian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamiltonian Toda and Lax structures“, Selecta Math., New Series vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 131–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toda and Lax structures // Selecta Math. 2000. New Series Vol. 6, №2. P. 131–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong, M.-P. 1998. “Classification of Nilpotent Lie Algebras of Dimension 7 (Over Algibraically</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong M.-P. Classification of Nilpotent Lie Algebras of Dimension 7 (Over Algibraically Closed</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Closed Fields and 𝑅,“), PhD thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fields and 𝑅)// PhD thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario. 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groznova, A.Yu. 2018. “Calculation of Jordan-Kronecker invariants for Lie algebras of small</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грознова А.Ю. Вычисление инвариантов Жордана — Кронекера для алгебр Ли малых</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">dimension“, Diploma work, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">размерностей // Дипломная работа, Московский Государственный Университет им. М.В.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kronecker, L. 1890. “Algebraische reduction der schaaren bilinearer formen“, S.-B. Akad.,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ломоносова, Механико-Математический факультет. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berlin., pp. 763–776.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kronecker L. Algebraische reduction der schaaren bilinearer formen // S.-B. Akad., Berlin.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnin, L. 1986. “Sur les alg`ebres de Lie nilpotentes de dimension 7“, J. Geom. Phys., vol. 3,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P. 763–776.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">no. 1, pp. 119–144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnin L. Sur les alg`ebres de Lie nilpotentes de dimension 7// J. Geom. Phys. 1986. Vol. 3,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mischenko, A. S., Fomenko, A. T. 1978. “Euler equations on finite-dimensional Lie groups“,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">№1. P. 119–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Math. USSR–Izv., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 371–389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мищенко А. С., Фоменко А.Т. Уравнения Эйлера на конечномерных группах Ли. // Изв.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ooms, A. 2012. “The Poisson center and polynomial, maximal Poisson commutative subalgebras,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АН СССР. Сер. матем. 1978. 42:2. 396–415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">especially for nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension at most seven“, Journal of Algebra., no.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ooms A. The Poisson center and polynomial, maximal Poisson commutative subalgebras,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">, pp. 83 - 113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">especially for nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension at most seven// Journal of Algebra. 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson, R. C. 1991. “Pencils of complex and real symmetric and skew matrices“, Linear</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">№365. P. 83 - 113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algebra and its Appl., vol. 147, pp. 323–371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson R. C. Pencils of complex and real symmetric and skew matrices // Linear Algebra</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson R. C. Pencils of complex and real symmetric and skew matrices // Linear Algebra</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and its Appl. 1991. Vol. 147. P. 323–371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and its Appl. 1991. Vol. 147. P. 323–371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
