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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2021-22-5-198-222</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О средних значениях функций Чебышёва и их приложениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the mean values of the Chebyshev function and their applications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахмонов</surname><given-names>Зарулло Хусенович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmonov</surname><given-names>Zarullo Khusenovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, академик </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor,academician</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zarullo-r@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нозиров</surname><given-names>Опокхон Окилхонович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nozirov</surname><given-names>Opokkhon Okilkhonovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nozirov92@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАН Таджикистана, Институт математики им. А. Джураева</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, A. Dzhuraev Institute of Mathematics</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт математики им. А. Джураева</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Dzhuraev Institute of Mathematics</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рахмонов З.Х., Нозиров О.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рахмонов З.Х., Нозиров О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakhmonov Z.K., Nozirov O.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1164">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1164</self-uri><abstract><p>В предположении справедливости расширенной гипотезы Римана для средних значений функций Чебышёва по всем характерам модуля 𝑞 имеет место оценка</p><p>$$𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) =Σ︁𝜒mod𝑞max𝑦≤𝑥|𝜓(𝑦, 𝜒)| ≪ 𝑥 + 𝑥1/2𝑞L2, L = ln 𝑥𝑞$$.При решении ряда задач теории простых чисел достаточно, чтобы для 𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) имелась оценка, близкая к этой оценке. Лучшие оценки для 𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) ранее принадлежали Г. Монтгомери, Р. Вону и З. Х. Рахмонову. В работе получена новая оценка вида$$𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) = Σ︁ 𝜒mod𝑞 max 𝑦≤𝑥 |𝜓(𝑦, 𝜒)| ≪ 𝑥L^28 + 𝑥^(4/5) 𝑞^(1/2)L^31 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑞L^32$$,с помощью которой для линейной тригонометрической суммы с простыми числами при $$|𝑎-a/q|&lt;1/q^2,   (a,q)=1$$, найдена более точная оценка$$𝑆(𝛼, 𝑥) ≪ 𝑥𝑞^(−1/2)L^33 + 𝑥^(4/5)L^32 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑞^(1/2)L^33$$,а также изучено распределение чисел Харди-Литтлвуда вида 𝑝 + 𝑛2 в коротких арифметических прогрессиях в случае, когда разность прогрессии является степенью простогочисла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assuming the validity of the extended Riemann hypothesis for the average values of Chebyshev functions over all characters modulo 𝑞, the following estimate holds</p><p>$$𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) =Σ︁𝜒mod𝑞max𝑦≤𝑥|𝜓(𝑦, 𝜒)| ≪ 𝑥 + 𝑥1/2𝑞L2, L = ln 𝑥𝑞$$.When solving a number of problems in prime number theory, it is sufficient that 𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) admits an estimate close to this one. The best known estimates for 𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) previously belonged toG. Montgomery, R. Vaughn, and Z. Kh. Rakhmonov. In this paper we obtain a new estimate of the form$$𝑡(𝑥; 𝑞) = Σ︁ 𝜒mod𝑞 max 𝑦≤𝑥 |𝜓(𝑦, 𝜒)| ≪ 𝑥L^28 + 𝑥^(4/5) 𝑞^(1/2)L^31 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑞L^32$$,using which for a linear exponential sum with primes we prove a stronger estimate $$𝑆(𝛼, 𝑥) ≪ 𝑥𝑞^(−1/2)L^33 + 𝑥^(4/5)L^32 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑞^(1/2)L^33$$, when $$|𝑎-a/q|&lt;1/q^2,   (a,q)=1$$.We also study the distribution of Hardy-Littlewood numbers ofthe form 𝑝+𝑛2 in short arithmetic progressions in the case when the difference of the progression is a power of the prime number.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>характер Дирихле</kwd><kwd>функция Чебышёва</kwd><kwd>тригонометрические суммы с простыми числами</kwd><kwd>числа Харди-Литтлвуда</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Линник Ю. В. 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