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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2021-22-4-265-288</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О бифуркации решения задачи Ферма — Штейнера при 1-параметрической вариации границы в 𝐻(R2)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the bifurcation of the solution of the Fermat–Steiner problem under 1-parameter variation of the boundary in 𝐻(R2)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тропин</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tropin</surname><given-names>Alexander Mikhailovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amtropin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тропин А.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тропин А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tropin A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1144">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1144</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе рассматривается задача Ферма — Штейнера в гиперпространствах с метрикой Хаусдорфа. Если 𝑋 — метрическое пространство, и фиксировано непустоеконечное подмножество 𝒜 в пространстве непустых замкнутых и ограниченных подмножеств 𝐻(𝑋), то элемент 𝐾 ∈ 𝐻(𝑋), на котором достигается минимум суммы расстоянийдо элементов 𝒜, будем называть астровершиной Штейнера, сеть, соединяющую 𝒜 с 𝐾, — минимальной астросетью, а само 𝒜 — границей. В случае ограниченно компактного𝑋 все его элементы являются компактами, а множество астровершин Штейнера непусто. В настоящей статье доказывается критерий того, когда астровершина Штейнера для одноточечных граничных компактов в 𝐻(𝑋) является одноточечной. Кроме того, получена нижняя оценка длины минимальной параметрической сети через длину астросети содноточечными вершинами, содержащимися в граничных компактах, и изучены свойства границ, для которых достигается точная оценка. Также изучены бифуркации астровершин Штейнера при 1-параметрической деформации трехэлементных границ в 𝐻(R2), которые иллюстрируют геометрические феномены, отсутствующие в классической задаче Штейнера для точек в R2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we consider the Fermat–Steiner problem in hyperspaces with the Hausdorff metric. If 𝑋 is a metric space, and a non-empty finite subset 𝒜 is fixed in the space of nonemptyclosed and bounded subsets 𝐻(𝑋), then we will call the element 𝐾 ∈ 𝐻(𝑋), at which the minimum of the sum of the distances to the elements of 𝒜 is achieved, the Steiner astrovertex, the network connecting 𝒜 with 𝐾 — the minimal astronet, and 𝒜 itself — the border. In the case of proper 𝑋, all its elements are compact, and the set of Steiner astrovertices is nonempty.In this article, we prove a criterion for when the Steiner astrovertex for one-point boundary compact sets in 𝐻(𝑋) is one-point. In addition, a lower estimate for the length of the minimalparametric network is obtained in terms of the length of an astronet with one-point vertices contained in the boundary compact sets, and the properties of the boundaries for which an exact estimate is achieved are studied. Also bifurcations of Steiner astrovertices under 1-parameter deformation of three-element boundaries in 𝐻(R2), which illustrate geometric phenomena that are absent in the classical Steiner problem for points in R2, are studied.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>задача Ферма — Штейнера</kwd><kwd>минимальное дерево Штейнера</kwd><kwd>мини- мальная параметрическая сеть</kwd><kwd>минимальная астросеть</kwd><kwd>аcтровершина Штейнера</kwd><kwd>астро- компакт Штейнера</kwd><kwd>гиперпространство</kwd><kwd>ограниченно компактное пространство</kwd><kwd>расстоя- ние Хаусдорфа.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fermat–Steiner problem</kwd><kwd>Steiner minimal tree</kwd><kwd>minimal parametric network</kwd><kwd>minimal astronet</kwd><kwd>Steiner astrovertex</kwd><kwd>Steiner astrocompact</kwd><kwd>hyperspace</kwd><kwd>proper space</kwd><kwd>Hausdorff distance.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarnik V., K¨ossler M. 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