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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2021-22-4-7-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Суммы Гаусса и приложение их к доказательству закона взаимности квадратичных вычетов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gaussian sums and their application to the proof of quadratic reciprocity law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Иван Матвеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>Ivan Matveevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, академик Академии наук СССР</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor,academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.</p></bio></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виноградов И.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виноградов И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinogradov I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1132">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1132</self-uri><abstract><p>Впервые публикуется текст дипломной работы И. М. Виноградова, выполненной им под руководством Я. В. Успенского на математическом отделении физико-математического факультета Петербургского университета в 1914 г.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This is the first publication of I. M. Vinogravos’s senior thesis written under the scientific guidance of Ya. V. Uspensky at the mathematical department of the Faculty of physics andmathematics of Petersbourg’s University in 1914.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>суммы Гаусса</kwd><kwd>символ Лежандра</kwd><kwd>квадратичные вычеты и невычеты</kwd><kwd>закон взаимности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gaussian sums</kwd><kwd>Legendre symbol</kwd><kwd>quadratic residues and non-residues</kwd><kwd>quadratic reciprocity law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Успенский Я.В., Соображения о возможно целесообразном преподавании математики в</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uspensky J.V., 1999, The ideas concerning the possibly expedient teaching mathematics at the future Institute of Land Improvement Engineers. The publication of A.A. 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