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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cheb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Чебышевский сборник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chebyshevskii Sbornik</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-8383</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tula State Lev Tolstoy  Pedagogical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22405/2226-8383-2021-22-3-383-404</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cheb-1098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История математики и приложений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Сomputer science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От алгебраических методов Диофанта — Ферма — Эйлера к арифметике алгебраических кривых: из истории диофантовых уравнений после Эйлера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From the algebraic methods of Diophantus–Fermats–Euler to the arithmetic of algebraic curves: about the history of diophantine equations after Euler</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавриненко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrinenko</surname><given-names>Tatiana Alekseevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lavrinenko.TA@rea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>Aleksei Aleksandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyaev-aa@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>383</fpage><lpage>404</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лавриненко Т.А., Беляев А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лавриненко Т.А., Беляев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lavrinenko T.A., Belyaev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1098">https://www.chebsbornik.ru/jour/article/view/1098</self-uri><abstract><p>Если говорить об истории той части диофантова анализа, в которой рассматривается решение диофантовых уравнений в рациональных числах, то прежде всего нужно отметить устойчивость алгебраического подхода к этой проблеме, восходящего к «Арифметике» Диофанта Александрийского. Действительно, после знакомства европейских мате-матиков во второй половине XVI века с произведением Диофанта основным средством нахождения рациональных решений диофантовых уравнений становится алгебраическийаппарат замен, подстановок и преобразований. Несмотря на ограниченность этих средств, математикам удалось на данном этапе получить важные результаты о решении в рациональных числах неопределенных уравнений с двумя неизвестными 2-й, 3-й и 4-й степеней.Детальный историко-математический анализ этих результатов дан, в частности, в исследованиях И. Г. Башмаковой и её учеников. В статье рассматривается, как в течение XIX века происходил отход от узко алгебраической трактовки диофантовых уравнений, характерной для большинства работ вплоть до конца XIX века, к более общему взгляду на предмет исследования и принципиальному расширению самих средств исследованиядиофантовых уравнений. Рассматриваются шаги в этом направлении, сделанные такими математиками, как О. Л. Коши, К. Г. Я. Якоби, Э. Люка. Особое внимание уделяется творчеству Дж. Дж. Сильвестра в области диофантовых уравнений и статье У. Стори «On the Theory of Rational Derivation on a Cubic Curve», долгое время не попадавшим в поле зрения историков математики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Talking about the Diophantine analysis’ history, namely, the problem of rational solutions of Diophantine equations, we should note the longevity of the algebraic approach, which goesback to Diophantus’ “Arithmetica”. Indeed, after the European mathematicians of the second half of the XVI century became acquainted with Diophantus’ oeuvre, algebraic apparatusof variable changes, substitutions and transformations turned into the main tool of finding rational solutions of Diophantine equations. Despite the limitations of this apparatus, there wereobtained important results on rational solutions of quadratic, cubic and quartic indeterminate equations in two unknowns. Detailed historico-mathematical analysis of these results was done, inter alia, by I. G. Bashmakova and her pupils. The paper examines the departure from this algebraic treatment of Diophantine equations, typical for most of the research up to the end of XIX century, towards a more general viewpoint on this subject, characterized also by radical expansion of the tools used in the Diophantine equations’ investigations. The worksof A. L. Cauchy, C. G. J. Jacobi and ´E. Lucas, where this more general approach was developed, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the works of J. J. Sylvester on Diophantine equationsand the paper “On the Theory of Rational Derivation on a Cubic Curve” by W. Story, which were not in the focus of the research on history of the Diophantine analysis and where apparatusof algebraic curves was used in a pioneering way.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диофантовы уравнения</kwd><kwd>арифметика алгебраических кривых</kwd><kwd>рацио- нальные точки</kwd><kwd>эллиптическая кривая</kwd><kwd>Дж. Дж. Сильвестр</kwd><kwd>У. Э. Стори.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Diophantine equations</kwd><kwd>arithmetic of algebraic curves</kwd><kwd>rational points</kwd><kwd>elliptic curve</kwd><kwd>J. J. Sylvester</kwd><kwd>W. E. Story.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poincar´e H. Sur les propri´et´es arithm´etiques des courbes alg´ebriques // J. Math. Pures Appl. 1901. Ser. 5. Vol. 7. P. 161–233. (Русский перевод: Пуанкаре А. Об арифметических свойствах алгебраических кривых // Избранные труды. Т.2. 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